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Industrialisation on the urban periphery. Growth on the urban periphery continues during a period of economic recession when individual houses are becoming more and more expensive. The continuing spread of activities towards the urban periphery, observed around Mulhouse, Lyon, Toulouse and small towns in the département of Tarn, explains why the tendency towns have to expand is an established feature of urban growth. This process of continued growth reinforces the division of the urban periphery into different social areas : the single area of employment centred around downtown activities is being replaced by seyeral different and smaller areas of employment centred around different activities. These areas encourage new activities to locate there, and in doing so these new activities contribute to segmenting the urban employment market.
Toward a predictive view of periurban space in France. This work consists of a predictive approach in only two stages : 1. the establishment of a dynamic base — the deeper tendencies expressed by the periurban space and actors ; 2. the elaboration of two contrasting images of this periurban society in the nineteen-nineties : the self-destruction of the periurban space deprived of any state support in a crisis context and the expansion of the periurban area regulated indirectly by the public authorities. The objective of this predictive study has been defined (see the studies by C. Bidou and J.-P. Laborie) : the periurban space is not merely an additional uniformization of the territory. It is the privileged basis for the social integration of the middle classes and particularly the specific framework for the spatial expansion of capital. The rapid development of periurbani-zation has been closely linked to the factors proper to the growth that took place during the first thirty years of the postwar period in France. Several major actors of the periurban phenomenon are analyzed : the state, the builders, the landowners, the peasants, the local communities. According to the hypothesis developed here, the crisis seems capable of influencing the trend of residential periurbanization, giving it another — and more experimental — content and accelerating an economic periurbanization process. The regulatory or adaptive mechanisms make their appearance among the various agents under consideration, but the role of the state is decisive in attenuating the often brutal conflicts that break out in this kind of area.
El ejemplo del espacio peri-urbano. Génesis de un pedido de estudio parte de la DATAR Participando, en setiembre de 1977, a una reflexión interministerial sobre el espacio peri-urbano, iniciada por el ministerio del Medio Ambiente y del Cuadro de Vida, la Délégation à l'aménagement du territoire et à l'action régionale (DATAR) privilegió los factores localizados de desarrollo social y económico para tentar organizar y dominar en dirección de los espacios rurales. El equipo de estudios prospectivos de la D AT A R estableció un diagnóstico global del espacio periurbano francés en noviembre 1979, lanzó un llamado a licitación en 1980 y publicó, en 1981, un informe sobre Lo que está en juego en el periurbano (Travaux et Recherches de prospective, n" 83). Este documentó pone el acento sobre dos evoluciones de manera durable en este espacio : la extensión de la division espacial de trabajo en el seno de las áreas urbanas amplias, mismo en período de crisis ; las esperas y estrategias culturales y políticas de las capas medias frente a las zonas residenciales transformadas por y para ellas en territorio social. En 1980, el gobierno lanzó dos intervenciones exploratorias «ciudad pays» dirigidas a considerar el espacio periurbano como una componente normal del espacio urbano. Después del cambio político de mayo y junio de 1981 el nuevo gobierno desea hacer elaborar localmente cartas intercomunales que tomen en cosideración estos espacios urbanos recientes. El Estado se enriquece así de una categoría espacial nueva para representar explícitamente una parte de «su» territorio a fines de los años 70.
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