Este artigo traça um panorama das diversas experiências de acompanhamento de egressos do ensino superior, destacando as metodologias utilizadas nos diferentes países ou em projetos internacionais. Os dispositivos de acompanhamento resultam de políticas governamentais ou de instituições autônomas e visam a dar maior visibilidade ao sistema de ensino superior cada vez mais complexo. Fornecendo subsídios essenciais para a avaliação dos resultados dos sistemas educativos, os dispositivos de acompanhamento atingiram os melhores indicadores de funcionamento no caso italiano, Alma Laurea. No Brasil, há experiências díspares, começando nos anos 1970, passando pelos estudos na USP e UFC no início dos 1990, até o estágio atual, com a proliferação de portais de egressos. Constituem exigências metodológicas do acompanhamento, conforme indica a experiência: caráter institucional sistemático e participativo; periodicidade regular e atualização permanente; utilização de tecnologias da informação para coleta de dados; definição clara e adequada da população a ser atingida, segundo os tipos de diplomas; produção de escalas adequadas para a avaliação dos destinos ocupacionais e sua relação com a formação; e disponibilização dos bancos de dados para a comunidade acadêmica.
Compared to other European higher education systems, the French one seems more complex. Indeed, it juxtaposes a huge, mainly open, university sector and a myriad of schools and institutes with generally limited access. The university sector is itself rather complex, since it is not organised around a clearly defined first degree. There exist different layers of diplomas which follow each other without any explicit exit level. The university sector also has an official role in preparing students for the competitive exams for civil service occupations.In the university sector, there are five levels of diplomas:1. the DEUG (Diploà me d'Etude Universitaire Ge Âne Ârale) and the DUT (Diplo à me Universitaire Technologique), awarded after two years of study; 2. the Licence (three years of study); 3. the Maõ Ãtrise (four years of study); 4. the DEA (Diplo à me d'Etudes Approfondies) and the DESS (Diplo à me d'Etudes Supe Ârieures Spe Âcialise Âes) which are respectively applied and specialised diplomas, awarded after five years of study; 5. the Doctorat, the highest level of study in the university sector, is awarded after a minimum of eight years of study. Most of the courses at the universities are open access courses, but there are some university institutes that are selective. These are the IUTs (Instituts Universitaires Technologiques), which award the DUT (Diploà me Universitaire Technologique) and the IUPs (Instituts Universitaires Professionnalise Âs) that award Maõ Ãtrises. In addition, other various maõ Ãtrises are selective: • MST (Maõ Ãtrise de Sciences et Techniques) (Science and Technology); • MIAGE (Maõ Ãtrise d'Informatique Applique Âe a Á la Gestion des Entreprises) (Computing Applied to Business Administration); • MSG (Maõ Ãtrise de Sciences de Gestion) (Management Sciences); • MSBM (Maõ Ãtrise de Sciences Biologiques et Me Âdicales) (Biological and Medical Sciences).Finally, MagisteÁ res, DEAs, DESSs and Doctorats are also selective. In addition, the second year of university medicine, dentistry and pharmaceutical studies can also be considered as selective: first-year students on these three courses have to pass a numerus clausus entry exam to enter the second year.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.