Traditionnellement, l'innovation a été associée aux technologies et a été abordée dans un cadre individuel ou entrepreneurial. Ce texte soutient que l'innovation s'inscrit dans un processus plus large, porteur d'un ensemble de dimensions. Le processus d'innovation est certes technique, mais il est aussi social. Étudier une innovation, c'est mettre en lumière les ressources sociales, techniques, 1
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-this article shows the components of a system of social innovation based on collaboration and consensus building between a plurality of actors and economic logics. the social innovation system of Quebec features new combinations, approaches, ways of coordination and governance in which social economy and civil society play an important role. Participative governance, co-production of services, co-construction of public policies, as well as the plural character of the economy represent important aspects of this system. this article addresses the territorial dimensions of what could be called the Quebec model of social innovation.Keywords: Quebec, social innovation system, partnership consensus building, governance, plural economy, social economy.Resumo -sisteMa sociaL e inovação no queBeque. uMa anáLise centraDa no DesenvoLviMento LocaL. este artigo ilustra as componentes de um sistema de inovação social baseado na colaboração e na construção de um consenso entre uma grande diversidade de actores com diferentes lógicas económicas, O sistema de inovação social do Quebeque é caracterizado por combinações e abordagens inovadoras, formas de coordenação e de governança em que a economia social e a sociedade civil desenvolvem importantes papéis. a governança participativa, a co-produção de serviços, a construção de políticas públicas, bem como o caracter plural da economia representam dimensões importantes neste sistema, sendo tida em conta a dimensão territorial e a inovação social que acarretam. Résumé -Le systèMe D'innovation sociaLe Du quéBec. une anaLyse centrée sur Le cHaMp Du DéveLoppeMent LocaL. Cet article met en lumière les composantes d'un système d'innovation sociale basé sur la concertation. Le système québécois d'innovation sociale est caractérisé par une gouvernance déterminée à la fois par la concertation et le partenariat, par la participation de la société civile dans la production des services publics (co-production) et dans l'élaboration de politiques publiques (co-construction), ainsi que par la combinaison de diverses logiques économiques. Dans cette combinaison, l'économie sociale et la société civile jouent un rôle fondamental. Ce texte porte sur les dimensions territoriales de ce qui pourrait être désigné comme le modèle québécois d'innovation sociale.
From a Canadian perspective, this article provides a comparative historical and contemporary overview of foundations in Canada, in relation to the United States and Germany. For the purposes of this analysis, the study was limited to public or private foundations in Canada, as defined by the Income Tax Act. As the Canadian foundation milieu straddles the welfare partnership model that characterizes German civil society and the Anglo-Saxon model of the United States, Canadian foundations as a whole have much in common with the foundation sector in both countries. Similarities include the number of foundations per capita, a similar range in size and influence, a comparable diversity of foundation types, and an explosion in the number of foundations in recent decades (although the United States has a much longer history of large foundations making high-impact interventions). This analysis also highlights some key differences among larger foundations in the three jurisdictions: German foundations are generally more apt to have a change-orientation and are more vigorous in their disbursement of income and assets. U.S. foundations are more likely to play a welfare-replacement role in lieu of inaction by the state. Canadian foundations play a complementary role, particularly in the areas of education and research, health, and social services. At the same time, there is a segment of Canadian foundations that are fostering innovation, social and policy change, and are embarking on meaningful partnerships and acts of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.
Résumé L’effet de la proximité sur le développement a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt dans les dernières années. À ce sujet, STORPER a posé l’hypothèse d’une nouvelle configuration gagnante pour le 3 e millénaire, soit une configuration fondée sur l’innovation, les organisations et le territoire. Notre recherche a été menée auprès des entreprises de trois secteurs de haute technologie à Montréal (biopharmaceutique, télécommunications et aéronautique) et avait pour but d’identifier les effets de la proximité sur l’innovation et le développement local, par le biais d’entrevues et de collecte de données. Nous constatons que la proximité physique se combine avec la proximité institutionnelle et que la combinaison de ces deux manifestations de la proximité contribue à la structuration d’un espace métropolitain d’innovation.
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