A general synthesis of tetronic acid derivatives, namely 4-aroyl-3-alkoxy-2(5H)-furanones, is achieved via the treatment of an anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of 4-aroyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as base at -10-0°C, followed by the addition of alkyl iodide. Their structural assignments are based on spectroscopic data and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. These furanones were used as starting materials for the preparation of furodiazepines.

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The reaction of the title diketone (3) with phenyl Grignard produces (with rate constant k(1)) the conjugate base (6-M) of 10-hydroxy-10-phenylcyclooctadecanone (6), which is subsequently converted (with rate constant k(2)) to the conjugate base of the title diol, as a mixture of the cis (7, 55%) and trans (8, 45%) isomers. The ratio k(2)/k(1), 2.2 +/- 0.4, indicates that the carbonyl group in 6-M is 4.4 times as reactive as each carbonyl in 3. Competition experiments further demonstrate that the relative rates (per carbonyl) for addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to 3, 10-methylenecyclooctadecanone (11), and cyclopentadecanone (12) are 1.0:0.60:1.92. Possible reasons for this order of reactivity are discussed. Diols 7 and 8 undergo facile double dehydration to form the title diene 13, which is predicted by molecular mechanics calculations to be the most stable of the four possible symmetrical diene isomers. The structures of 7, 8, and 13 were secured by single-crystal X-ray studies.

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