This research is aimed to know level of carbon emission from land cover change in Merauke Regency. The data are historical baseline which is land cover map time series of 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, also zoning plan of Merauke Regency in 2010-2030. Furthermore, the data are processed with software LUMENS (land use planning for low emission development strategy). The result is presented descriptively. From the result, it can be concluded that based on analysis of carbon emission level in 1990 - 2000, it is found 1948773.523 Ton CO2/year with emission level per unit area in amount of 0.421 Ton CO2eq/ha.year; observation in 2000 - 2005 found emission level in amount of 6151442.314 Ton CO2/year with emission per unit area 1.336 Ton CO2eq/ha.year; observation in 2005 - 2010 found emission level per year in amount of 41386219.77 Ton CO2/year and emission level per unit area in amount of 9.4 Ton CO2eq/ha.year; meanwhile, Merauke Regency's emission level in 2010 - 2014 is 61816894.268 Ton CO2/year with emission level per unit area in amount of 13.928 Ton CO2eq/ha.year.
The application of various agricultural technologies such as the using by fertilizers, pesticides, and clearing land will have resulted changes in the ecosystem. Using by insecticides can gived negative impact such as causing resistance, resurgensy and environmental pollution due to residues that can last a long time and are difficult to decompose, because it have compound among other carbon, chlorin, and hidrogen. Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) is one of plant which are used for medicine and social-cultural activitiy by Merauke community, Papua. Meanwhile, Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) is one of major pest on the family Brassicaceae plants. The objective of this research was to effectiveness test for simple extract P. methysticum leaves as a botanical insecticide against C. pavonana larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The insecticide activities were assessed including mortality. Mortality tests using leaf wet method were seven concentrations (5 gr/100 ml, 10 gr/100 ml, 15 gr/100 ml, 20 gr/100 ml, 25 gr/100 ml, 30 gr /100 ml, 35 gr/ 100 ml) plus control. Each treatment was introduced ten C. pavonana instar 2 nd larvaes and replicated five times. The results showed that extract P. methystichum leaves gave 22% mortality at 35 gr/100 ml water.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui respon pertumbuhan enam varietas tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap serangan pengerek batang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan bukaan baru Kampung Bokem, Distrik Merauke, Kabupaten Merauke, Propinsi Papua Selatan pada bulan Maret Sampai Juni 2021. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri atas 6 varietas dengan 3 ulangan. Varietas yang digunakan, yaitu varietas Nutrizinc, Mamberamo, Inpari 42, Inpara 2, Inpari 32 dan Inpari Sidenuk. Masing masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga akan diperoleh 18 plot percobaan. Luas plot pengamatan 3 x 3 m2 dengan jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm sehingga dalam plot terdiri dari 50 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi tinggi pada masing-masing varietas sebagai berikut: varietas Chidanu (78,4 cm), varietas padi Inpara (74,2 cm), varietas Nutrizinc (70,7 cm), varietas Mambramo (66,3 cm), varietas Inpari 42 (65,1 cm) dan varietas Inpari 32 (59,0 cm). Demikian pula dengan jumlah anakan yaitu varietas Inpara 2 (12 anakan), varietas Inpari Chidanu (11 anakan), varietas Inpari 32 (10 anakan), varietas Mambramo (10 anakan), dan varietas Inpari 42 (9,0 anakan). Jumlah anakan terserang serangga pengerek batang berturut-turut adalah varietas Inpara 2 (9 anakan), varietas Inpari 42 (7,0 anakan), varietas Inpari Chidanu (5,6 anakan), varietas Inpari 32 (5,5 anakan), varietas Nutrizinc (4,4 anakan) dan varietas Mambramo (4,3 anakan). Gabah paling paling banyak terdapat pada varietas Inpara 2 (186,2 gabah) sedangkan terendah pada varietas Nitrizinc (119,4 gabah). Respons enam varietas padi yang diteliti memiliki tingkat kerentanan yang berbeda-beda terhadap serangan penggerek batang (Scirpophaga sp). Varietas Nutrizinc dan Mambramo menunjukkan rata-rata tingkat serangan terendah terhadap serangan hama pengerek batang pada lahan bukaan baru (4,3 anakan). Jenis varietas pada lahan bukaan baru menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi berbeda. Produksi tertinggi adalah varietas Nutrizinc (6,67 ton/ha).
Mengembangkan pertanian organik perlu memperhatikan beberapa aspek antara lain kesehatan dan kesuburan tanah, keseimbangan organisme di alam serta dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanaman namun tetap mempertahankan nilai produksi suatu komoditi tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia sintetis. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan kelompok tani di Kampung Yasa Mulya, Distrik Tanah Miring, Merauke tentang pentingnya mengenal hama, musuh alami tanaman padi serta dapat menggunakan bahan tanaman sebagai bahan insektisida nabati. Metode observasi dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang teknik budidaya padi yang diterapkan dan masalah yang dihadapi petani. Selanjutnya dilakukan sosialisasi kepada kelompok tani tentang hama, penyakit, musuh alami serta pelatihan pembuatan insektisida nabati. Tahap evalusi dilakukan melalui hasil uji coba yang telah dilakukan oleh petani. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan sosialisasi diketahui bahwa perilaku petani dalam mengaplikasikan pestisida didasarkan pada pemahaman sendiri, pengalaman teman atau saudara serta kekhawatiran akan gagal panen. Persentase biaya yang dikeluarkan petani untuk membeli pestisida sampai dengan 80%. Selain itu, belum pernah dilakukan tindakan pengendalian lain seperti memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alami atau menggunakan entomopatogen.selain menggunakan pestisida sintetik.
Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) and lemongrass (Cymbopongon nardus) is a spice plants that are used as ingredients for making traditional medicines and have high population. The research aimed to toxicity test of turmeric rhizome and lemongrass extracts as botanical insecticide against Spodoptera exiqua mortality. Tested using four concentrations and three times repeats. The concentration for extracts same is 25 gram/ 500 ml in water, 50 gram/ 500 ml in water, 75 gram/ 500 ml in water, 100 gram/500 ml in water. The result showed the toxicity test for both extracts cause mortality 43.33% from concentration 75 gram/500 ml in water.
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