Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje prediktivne vrednosti osobina ličnosti modela velikih pet za ukupno zadovoljstvo poslom, kao i za devet aspekata zadovoljstva poslom merenih skalom Job Satisfaction Survey. Pored osobina ličnosti, kao kategorijalni prediktori ispitivane su varijable pol i staž na univerzitetu. Uzorak ispitanika činili su nastavnici i saradnici zaposleni na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu i Beogradu, ukupno njih 300. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da se kao značajni prediktori ukupnog zadovoljstva poslom izdvajaju osobine prijatnost i neuroticizam, dok se kategorijalne varijable nisu pokazale kao značajni prediktori. Za predikciju zadovoljstva pojedinim aspektima posla izdvajaju se prijatnost, savesnost i neuroticizam, i to: prijatnost za aspekte napredovanje, rukovođenje, priroda posla, komunikacije i saradnici, savesnost za aspekte saradnici, beneficije i nagrađivanje i neuroticizam za aspekte rukovođenje, priroda posla, komunikacije, saradnici, beneficije i nagrađivanje. Kategorijalni prediktori nisu se izdvojili kao značajni. Aspekte zadovoljstva definisane kao plata i priroda posla ne možemo predikovati na osnovu zadatih prediktora.
Uprkos velikom broju istraživanja, zaključci o ulozi strategija prevladavanja u razvoju izgaranja još uvek nisu definitivni. Generalno se smatra da korišćenje strategije aktivnog rešavanja problema obično ublažava izgaranje, dok korišćenje izbegavajuće strategije pojačava njegove simptome. Ipak, mnogi autori smatraju da merenje takvih, generalnih strategija prevladavanja nije naročito korisno u proceni njihove efektivnosti, kao i da ne postoji najbolji način prevladavanja, već da upotreba određenih strategija u velikoj meri zavisi od konteksta. Terluin i saradnici (Terluin et al., 2004) su predložili generalni model distresa, prevladavanja i izgaranja, koji pretpostavlja da stresori uzrokuju distres koji mobiliše osobu da aktivira određene strategije prevladavanja sa ciljem minimiziranja efekata tih stresora, odnosno smanjivanja nivoa distresa. Osim toga, stresori direktno vode aktiviranju strategije rešavanja problema, čiji je cilj da, ukoliko je to moguće, iznađu rešenje problema (odnosno da eliminišu stresore). U zavisnosti od toga koliko su te strategije uspešne, distres će se, u većoj ili manjoj meri, razviti u izgaranje. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je da se testira potencijalna medijaciona uloga strategija prevladavanja u relaciji između stresora, distresa i izgaranja. Ukupno 264 ispitanika (152 žene i 112 muškaraca) učestvovalo je u istraživanju. Ispitanici su popunili Skalu izvora stresa na radu, Inventar strategija prevladavanja, Skalu distresa iz četvorodimenzionalnog upitnika simptoma anksioznosti i depresivnosti, kao i Skalu izgaranja na radu preuzetu iz Kopenhagen inventara izgaranja. Osnovne hipoteze istraživanja: (1) stresori će imati direktan efekat na distres i izgaranje, (2) strategija rešavanja problema će biti parcijalni medijator u relaciji stresora i izgaranja, (3) traženje socijalne podrške i izbegavajuća strategija će imati parcijalnu medijacionu ulogu u relaciji distresa i izgaranja, i (4) distres će imati parcijalnu medijacionu ulogu u relaciji stresora i izgaranja. Finalni model putanje pokazao je zadovoljavajuće indekse podesnosti, χ2(5) = 6.84, p > .05, GFI = .99, CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04 (90% CI = .00; .10); NFI = .98, NNFI = .98, SRMR = .03. Rezultati analize puta su pokazali da stresori zaista imaju direktan efekat, kako na distres, tako i na izgaranje. Takođe, distres je imao direktan efekat na izgaranje (hipoteze 1 i 4 podržane). Konačno, suprotno hipotezama 2 i 3, nijedna od tri strategije prevladavanja nije ostvarila statistički značajan efekat na izgaranje. Dobijeni rezultati još jednom su pokazali da merenje strategija prevladavanja na ovakav način nije naročito korisno u razumevanju njihove uloge u stres procesu. Poučeni rezultatima ovih i mnogih prethodnih istraživanja, pozivamo istraživače da u budućim istraživanjima više pažnje posvete specifičnom kontekstu u kome zaposleni koriste svoje strategije prevladavanja, kao i da se fokusiraju na konkretne misli i ponašanja koje zaposleni koriste u prevladavanju stresa. Sprovedena studija ima i izvesne nedostatke: sve mere su dobijene samoprocenom ispitanika, a osim toga, ispitivani su generalni izvori stresa, a ne specifični za svako zanimanje i radnu poziciju. U budućim istraživanjima trebalo bi više pažnje posvetiti specifičnim dimenzijama izvora stresa (poput emocionalnog rada, konflikta uloge i sl.), a mere uzimati iz više izvora (npr. zaposleni i njihovi pretpostavljeni).
The main objective of the study was to test REBT model of emo- tion in prediction of burnout. It was hypothesized that dysfunc- tional negative emotions (DNE) would positively predict burnout, positive emotions (PE) would negatively predict buronut, while functional negative emotions (FNE) were hypothesized to be un- correlated to burnout. To test those assumptions, a short‒term, 12 week prospective study was carried out (three measurements, with the interval of 6 weeks). A sample of 197 employees took part in the first measurement (60.3% women); however, due to sample attrition, 113 (64.6% women) underwent all three meas- urements (Little’s MCAR test n.s., which indicates that the data were missing completely at random). Respondents completed the Work burnout scale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the Inventory of functional and dysfunctional emotions. It has been shown that the reversed causal model displayed greater fit indices in comparison with the causal model, meaning that it is more likely that burnout will lead to subsequent emotions than vice‒versa. What is more interesting is that in fact burnout had a stronger (although very similar) impact on FNE than it did on DNE. However, when measured simultaneously, it appears that the experience of emotions has greater effect on burnout than vice‒versa. Moreover, in cross‒sectional analysis (at Time 3), FNE had a greater (although very similar) unique effect on burn- out than did DNE. In Time 2, only DNE exerted significant effect on burnout. Finally, PE largely did not predict burnout. The results were discussed in the context of REBT model of emotions. The limitations of the study were also highlighted and discussed.
The main objective of the study was to examine whether negative experiences at work, irrational beliefs, alone and in interaction, and negative affectivity as a mediator, could predict psychosomatic complaints and frequency of sickness absenteeism. The hypothesized model showed acceptable fit to the data, suggesting that negative affectivity mediates the relationship between negative experiences and irrational beliefs on the one hand, and psychosomatic complaints on the other. The results also revealed no significant effect of interaction between negative experiences and irrational beliefs, while fatigue and physical symptoms have a significant and direct effect on the number of days of absence. It was concluded that the lack of an effect of psychological symptoms on absenteeism may indicate that employees in Serbia do not see them as a sufficient reason for sick leave. The results are discussed within frameworks of Rational-emotive behaviour therapy and strategic stress management approach.
Research on health effects of unemployment have shown inconsistent findings, both in terms of stability and factors of overall health during time without a job, and in terms of the significance of factors based on which one can reliably predict the health of the unemployed. The Psychophysical health scale was conducted on a sample of 222 unemployed individuals in the Republic of Serbia, in order to analyze factors of general psychophysical health. By applying a longitudinal study design, we measured general health of the unemployed from four regions in the Republic of Serbia on three occasions (March 2012, October 2012, and May 2013). During the course of the study, the results have indicated that, unemployed individuals show significantly fewer symptoms of ill-health, that women, as a group, are more vulnerable in most aspects of health, that the oldest unemployees report symptoms of health deterioration most often, and that job loss does not produce different effects on health in people with different levels of education. These results are discussed in light of findings from previous research studies.
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