LGG administration beginning at the second trimester of pregnancy reduced the severity of maternal allergic disease through increment of Th1 response, but not the incidence of childhood allergic sensitization or allergic diseases (ClinicalTrials.govnumber, IDNCT00325273).

Nucleophosmin/B23 was rapidly up-regulated after UV irradiation as p53, PCNA and c-Jun. UV induction of nucleophosmin/B23 was evidently increased at 3 h post-irradiation, and reached a maximum at 12 h, and remained high for at least 24 h. Over-expression of nucleophosmin/B23 made cells more resistant to UV-induced cell growth inhibition and death as compared with control vector-transfected cells through three main observations: cell growth/death percentage determination; clonogenic survival assay; and flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, nucleophosmin/B23 over-expressed cells had a greater capacity to repair UV-damaged reporter plasmid, indicating a higher nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity. Furthermore, PCNA, an essential component for DNA repair machinery, was correlated with nucleophosmin/B23 expression. Both protein level and promoter activity of PCNA were higher in nucleophosmin/B23 over-expressed cells than in control vector-transfected cells. On the other hand, treatment of cells with nucleophosmin/B23 antisense oligonucleotides decreased nucleophosmin/B23 and PCNA proteins, and potentiated the UV-induced cell killing. The effect of PCNA up-regulation may be one of the reasons that nucleophosmin/B23 over-expression made cells resistant to UV-induced growth inhibition and cell-killing.