In this paper, we compare the intentionality of students in graduate business programs in the United States and China toward becoming entrepreneurs. We utilize Amabile's Work Preference Inventory (WPI) to examine the motivational dimension of entrepreneurial intentionality and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to compare the impact of gender and family history of self-employment on employment intentionality. Our results suggest there is a positive relationship with entrepreneurial intent in both the intrinsic challenge characteristic and extrinsic compensation characteristic. Results also suggest the intrinsic enjoyment characteristic and extrinsic outward characteristic are negatively correlated to self-employment. In addition, the study found that males in China exhibited a significantly greater intentionality toward self-employment than females did. We also found that entrepreneurial intentionality is stronger in the U.S. study group than in the China group for those with prior self-employment experience, as well as when they have a background that includes a family history of self-employment. However, when there is no family background of self-employment, the Chinese show greater intentionality to become self-employed than the group located in the United States.

Composite data from 12-lead ECG during CRT-treatment can be used in a simple score to predict long-term clinical outcome.

Emergence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance in the intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed long-term to sub-inhibitory concentrations of sulfamethoxazole

IntroductionGastrointestinal illnesses associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus have a negative impact on the shellfish industry due to recalls and loss of consumer confidence in products. This bacterial pathogen is very diverse and specific sequence types (STs), ST631 and ST36, have emerged as prevalent causes of Vibrio foodborne disease outbreaks in the US, though other STs have been implicated in sporadic cases. We investigated whether bacteriophages could be used as a proxy to monitor for the presence of distinct V. parahaemolyticus STs in coastal waters.MethodsFor this purpose, bacteriophages infecting V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from water samples collected on the Northeast Atlantic coast. The isolated phages were tested against a collection of 29 V. parahaemolyticus isolates representing 18 STs, including six clonal complexes (CC). Four distinct phages were identified based on their ability to infect different sets of V. parahaemolyticus isolates.Results and DiscussionOverall, the 29 bacterial isolates segregated into one of eight patterns of susceptibility, ranging from resistance to all four phages to susceptibility to any number of phages. STs represented by more than one bacterial isolate segregated within the same pattern of susceptibility except for one V. parahaemolyticus ST. Other patterns of susceptibility included exclusively clinical isolates represented by distinct STs. Overall, this study suggests that phages populating coastal waters could be exploited to monitor for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus STs known to cause foodborne outbreaks.

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