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In the last decade, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have taken a key role in vehicular applications. However, GNSS-based systems are inoperable in enclosed areas like carparks. To overcome this problem, we developed an infrastructure-based positioning system which utilizes customary monocular surveillance cameras to determine the position of vehicles within a carpark. The position information is also provided via car-to-infrastructure communication to the appropriate vehicle in order to substitute the in-vehicle positioning system. In this paper, we focus exclusively on the visual detection and positioning component of this system for detecting and locating moving objects in the carpark. A detailed evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system is able to meet the requirements of common vehicular use cases such as navigation, obstacle warning or autonomous driving

Hundreds of thousands of pedestrians are involved in severe traffic accidents every year world-wide. Reasons for these accidents include complex and highly dynamic traffic situations where views are obstructed or unexpected movement occurs. Driver assistance systems are a valid option for increasing pedestrian safety by enhancing the awareness of complex traffic situations and identifying potential dangers. In this work, we present a collision avoidance system based on smart video surveillance and car-to-infrastructure communication. We use a distributed system of monocular cameras to determine the position of both vehicles and pedestrians in realtime. In addition, we utilize standard car-2-x communication technology (ETSI ITS G5) to provide all position detections to the vehicles, thus enabling complex use cases such as warning cascades to drivers in case of oncoming dangers. A detailed evaluation of the proposed system and collision warning use case demonstrates the suitability as assistance system for human drivers. We also show that automatic braking systems would lead to drastic performance improvements due to a significant reduction of reaction times

Vehicular positioning technologies enable a broad range of applications and services such as navigation systems, driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles. However, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) do not work in enclosed areas such as parking garages. For these scenarios, a wide range of indoor positioning technologies are available inside the vehicle (internal) and based on infrastructure (external)