Urban mobility is currently undergoing significant changes in cities worldwide, as gendered mobilities are converging and automobility is on a downward trend among younger cohorts. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of gendered mobilities over generations and across three different urban contexts in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (northeast Spain), in an effort to understand whether the mobility gender gap is closing and whether young adults have lowered their private transport levels. Generalized linear models were built to analyze travel survey data from the Working Day Mobility Survey (EMEF) to comprehend mobility changes between 2008 and 2018. The study identified a generational countertrend among new generations of young adults, who reported more sustainable mobility practices than their predecessors. Furthermore, results show a general trend towards gender convergence of travel behavior on the outskirts of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, but also a tendency towards gender divergence in the core area of Barcelona City. Since the mobility gender gap is closer to convergence in those areas where private transport use is more widespread, future efforts towards achieving climate objectives should aim at decoupling such gender convergence from car-dependent built environments.
La irrupción de la micromovilidad, como una alternativa sostenible e inclusiva a los modos motorizados convencionales, cobra especial importancia a raíz de la crisis del COVID-19. El objetivo del artículo es estudiar el perfil de los usuarios de estos medios de transporte y cómo la pandemia ha modificado sus desplazamientos, contribuyendo a la incipiente investigación en este ámbito. El estudio ofrece una aproximación a estas nuevas formas de movilidad en Barcelona, usando la primera encuesta realizada en la ciudad a personas usuarias de patinete eléctrico, bicicleta convencional y eléctrica compartidas, y motocicleta eléctrica compartida (n=902). El análisis presentado indica que los usuarios más habituales son hombres jóvenes y ocupados. Los motivos de desplazamiento son diversos, aunque varían en función del vehículo. Los resultados también apuntan que casi un tercio de los usuarios de micromovilidad modificó su modo de transporte habitual a raíz de la pandemia, especialmente los que antes se desplazaban en transporte público o a pie. Se cuestiona el potencial de la micromovilidad para reducir las emisiones y se apunta a las implicaciones en términos sociales, tanto por el uso diferenciado en función de las características sociodemográficas, como por el impacto en la salud y en el espacio público.
This study shows the importance of job strain on the job satisfaction and stress-related psychological symptoms of this group of workers, even after adjusting by other variables of the work and of the outside of work environment. This finding underscores the importance of considering, jointly with the classical work hazards, those related with the psychosocial work environment in implementing strategies for improving health and welfare among nurses.
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