El desarrollo de las actividades humanas ha provocado un notable deterioro ambiental en la cuenca del río Conchos. La deforestación, los cambios de uso del suelo, el sobrepastoreo y la contaminación química de las aguas originada por las actividades agrícolas han contribuido a esta degradación, pero el principal factor de deterioro ambiental lo constituye la contaminación de las aguas superficiales provocada por los vertidos de aguas residuales urbanas y de desechos industriales. Los resultados más relevantes obtenidos en los análisis de agua ofrecen unos valores de oxígeno disuelto muy bajos, con niveles medios de 4.06 mg L-1. También se han constatado elevadas tasas de turbidez, que en algunos casos han superado los 980 NTU. El estudio concluye poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad de adoptar cambios sustanciales en los usos y prácticas agrícolas, y de reformar los sistemas de gestión integral relacionados con el tratamiento de los efluentes urbanos e industriales, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de las aguas y evitar posibles riesgos para la salud pública.
Se presenta un estudio integral sobre la calidad del agua superficial en los diferentes almacenamientos y corrientes de la cuenca hidrológica del río Amajac. Se identifican los problemas asociados con contaminantes específicos y se establecen alternativas de solución que sirvan como base para programas y políticas de ordenamiento de los recursos hídricos. Se seleccionaron cuatro presas, una laguna y cinco ríos, donde se midió el caudal, la velocidad del agua y el tirante máximo. También se determinaron las principales características físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de las aguas: oxígeno disuelto, coliformes fecales, nitrógeno, fósforo, sulfatos, carbonatos bicarbonatos, cloro y manganeso. De acuerdo con los resultados, se concluye que el agua del río en Tulancingo está fuertemente contaminada.
<p>Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a geospatial processing platform based on geo-information applications in the 'cloud'. This platform provides free access to huge volumes of satellite data for computing, and offers support tools to monitor and analyse environmental features on a large scale. Such facilities have been widely used in numerous studies about land management and planning. Considering the current lack of relevant overviews, it may be useful to evaluate the utilization paths of GEE and its impact on the scientific community. For this purpose, a systematic review has been conducted using the PRISMA methodology based on 343 articles published from 2020 to 2022 in high-impact scientific journals, selected from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. After an overview of the publishing context, an analysis of the frequency of satellite features, processing methods, applications are carried out, and a special attention is given to the COVID-19 studies. Finally, the geographical distribution of the reviewed articles is evaluated, and the citation impact metrics is analysed. On a bibliometric approach, 90 journals published articles on GEE in the reference period (January 2020 to April 2022), and this large number of journals reveals the multidisciplinary application of GEE platform as well as the interest of publishers towards this topic of relevance for the international scientific community. The results of the meta-analysis following the systematic review showed that: (i) the Landsat 8 was the most widely-used satellite (25%); (i) the non-parametric classification methods, mainly Random Forest, were the most recurrent algorithms (31%); and (iii) the water resources assessment and prediction were the most common methodological applications (22%). A low number of articles about COVID-19, in spite of the planetary importance of the pandemic effects. The reviewed articles were geographically distributed among 86 countries, China, United States, and India accounting for the large number. 'Remote Sensing' and 'Remote Sensing of Environment' were the leading journals in the citation impact metrics, while the Random Forest method and the agriculture-related applications being the mostly cited. It is expected that these results might change over the mid to long term, due to fast progress in environmental and spatial information technologies, although currently our findings may be worthwhile and useful for assessing the current global deployment of GEE platform.</p>
2 RESUMENEn la parte central del estado de Chihuahua (México) se encuentra la cuenca de drenaje que alimenta las lagunas endorreicas de Bustillos, y de los Mexicanos. Estos humedales de especial interés ambiental, se encuentran amenazados por una fuerte presión de actividades humanas. Para este trabajo se han planteado una serie de análisis químicos, físicos y microbiológicos, que determinan unos elevados índices de contaminación en estos hábitats acuáticos. Los resultados han mostrado bajos índices de oxígeno disuelto y elevadas concentraciones en nitratos y bacterias coliformes en el agua. Se ha detectado que las principales fuentes de contaminación de estos recursos hídricos son las actividades agropecuarias, los vertidos de aguas residuales de las áreas urbanas y, en mayor medida, por los desechos de los tratamientos industriales.Palabras clave: Humedales, contaminación hídrica, recursos hídricos, ambientes semiáridos, aguas residuales. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS IN THE BUSTILLOS AND DE LOS MEXICANOS LAGOONS (CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO) ABSTRACTThe Bustillos and Mexicanos lagoons are located in the center of the state of Chihuahua (Mexico). These wetlands of special environmental interest are endangered by severe pressure from human activities. These wetlands of environmental relevance are endangered by severe pressure from human activities. This study has raised a series of chemical, physical and microbiological analyzes, which determine high rates of contamination in these aquatic habitats. The results showed in water low levels of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of nitrate and coliform bacteria. Agricultural activities, wastewater discharges from urban areas and industrial waste has been identified as the main sources of pollution of these water resources.
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