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An unusual new phenolic component, triticumoside (1), and eight known compounds, isoorientin (2), isoscoparin (3), (2R)-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4), adenosine (5), β-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), 6′-O-linolenoyl daucosterol (8), α-tocopherol (9), were isolated fromTriticum aestivum sprouts. The hybrid structure of 1, which is a hybrid between a flavone and a polyoxygenated benzene, is rarely found in natural sources. In addition, the effects of these compounds on LPS-induced NO and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. At a concentration of 2.0 μM, compounds 2-4 significantly inhibited the production of both NO and TNF-α. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity on the secretion of TNF-α at concentrations as low as 2.0 μM, but it did not reduce NO levels at any of the tested concentrations.

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Bioassay-guided fractionation based on the anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract of Ficus microcarpa leaves led to the isolation of seven galactolipids: 2(S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienoylglyceryl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), (2S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), gingerglycolipid B (6), and (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by mass, 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods as well as chemical methods. The antiinflammatory effect of these compounds on TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion in the HT-29 cell line was evaluated. All above galactolipids showed significant inhibition ranging 40% at a concentration of 50 μM. The results suggest that galactolipids from the leaves of F. microcarpa may be used as potent anti-inflammatory agents.