[1] An analytical model for whitecap coverage has been established from wave breaking dissipation models by improving the model of Kraan et al. [1996]. The similarity of three wave breaking parametrizations has been discussed and applied to develop the analytical model. The proposed model predicts an inversely quadratic dependence of whitecap coverage on wave age, after invoking the 3/2 power law. The undetermined parameter in the model is fixed with the latest published data sets. The proposed model is more consistent with the four data sets used than the other two analytical models presented more recently, which would underestimate significantly the four data sets overall. The substantiation of the field observations to inversely quadratic dependence on wave age means that the choice for the dependence of the damping rate on wave steepness by Komen et al. [1984] in quasilinear dissipation model has some support from observations of the whitecap coverage. The limitation of the single parameter description to whitecap coverage and the controversy on the nature of the dependence of wave breaking properties on wind wave status due to the single-parameter description are discussed. It is pointed out that the multiple-parameter scheme is expected to give rise to a consistent interpretation to the variability of whitecap coverage.

By using the Abaqus software, FEM calculation of the quenching process of non-standard component which has complex contour has been operated, the temperature field distribution which accompanies the quenching time has been obtained. The simulation process’s precision and efficiency is excellent, this method is applicable to the quenching technics’s improvement, and can offer the calculation basis to the analysis of the thermal stress field and residual stress. It can also provide the improving scheme for the intensity design of the coal winning machinery.

In order to overcome the shortcoming of traditional mathematical model of topology optimization which aims to the continuum structures, a new implementation combined with TOSCA Structure software is presented. To examine the accuracy of optimal topology of this kind of structural, the programming scheme for the conceptual design of one shell structure using topological optimization approaches is set firstly, then build up a new topology optimization design method of the shell structure rib model. Through the FE simulation calculations from Project 1 to Project 4, different improvement results of maximum displacements are obtained. These results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the method.

Asymmetric driving behaviour in acceleration and deceleration processes under car-following (CF) state can affect traffic flow significantly. Thus, to improve the performance of CF models, the formation mechanism of the asymmetric driving characteristics (gap difference, reaction time difference, response intensity difference, discrete driving difference) and the internal relations between them should be investigated. Thus the quantification methods are proposed to study the asymmetry for each driving characteristic. Then the mean values of the gap, reaction time, discrete intensity, and response intensity at each velocity fragment in acceleration and deceleration process are measured respectively using the NGSIM data with the proposed quantification methods. By comparing these mean values in acceleration and in deceleration processes, the asymmetry of the gap, reaction time, discrete intensity and response intensity are validated. Moreover, the correlation analysis between the four asymmetric driving characteristics are implemented while the results indicate they influence each other, and the formation mechanisms of the four asymmetric driving behaviours are obtained.