Summary The aim of this study was to develop antimicrobial properties of gummy candies based on bovine colostrum (BC), essential oils (EOs), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and their combinations. In addition, the heteropolysaccharide (agar), as a multifunctional polymer, was used for the antimicrobial candies preparation. The antimicrobial activities of BC, EOs (C. reticulata L., Eugenia caryophyllata, C. paradisi L., Thymus vulgaris), LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and Lactobacillus paracasei LUHS244) and their combinations against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans) were investigated. The highest antimicrobial activities were demonstrated by Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata EOs and their emulsions (12%), and the best formulation of components for antimicrobial gummy candies production would incorporate the BC fermented with L. paracasei LUHS244 in combination with Thymus vulgaris or Eugenia caryophyllata EOs, which inhibited growth of all the tested pathogenic microorganisms (except Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Gummy candies formula consisting of the fermented BC (up to 3%) and thyme EO (up to 0.2%) with mandarin or grapefruit EOs (up to 0.2%) for taste‐masking, allowed obtaining good texture and high overall acceptability products containing desirable antimicrobials, thus antimicrobial gummy candies could be consumer preferred form of nutraceuticals.

Cationic starch derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups with high degree of substitution are prepared by reaction of starch with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) in different reaction media. In aqueous solutions of GTAC along with conventional hydrolysis of epoxy groups, their interaction with chloride ions also takes place. This resulted in formation of hydroxyl ions which accelerate both the hydrolysis of GTAC epoxy groups and can act as the internal catalyst in the reaction of GTAC with starch. Therefore, even in the absence of the external catalyst, cationic starch with a high degree of substitution can be obtained. The autocatalytic reaction of GTAC with starch proceeds more rapidly at higher temperatures but with lower reaction efficiency. Both in the absence of the external catalyst and in the case when sodium alkali is used as a catalyst the reaction of starch with GTAC proceeds only when a particular quantity of “free” water is present in the system. When the NaOH as catalyst is used the reaction efficiency is about 90%. The yield of starch cationization reaction decreases when the quantity of “free” water is twice or thrice higher than required for starch modification to begin.

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