RESUMOIntrodução: O acidente vascular cerebral é uma das principais causas de mortalidade e morbilidade em todo o mundo, associando-se a considerável incapacidade funcional. Atualmente sabe-se que tanto técnicas de neuroimagem como determinados biomarcadores fornecem informações úteis acerca da etiologia, decisão terapêutica, follow-up e prognóstico em doentes com acidente vascular cerebral isquémico. Assiste-se, porém, a um interesse particular na previsão do prognóstico vital em detrimento do prognóstico funcional. Antecipar o prognóstico funcional permitiria definir um programa de reabilitação adequado, objetivo e individualizado, com uma alocação de recursos mais eficiente. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo rever o conhecimento atual acerca do papel da neuroimagem e dos biomarcadores sanguíneos em fase aguda na previsão da recuperação funcional dos doentes que sobrevivem a um acidente vascular cerebral isquémico. Material e Métodos: Revisão da literatura publicada entre 2005 e 2015, em língua inglesa, utilizando os termos "ischemic stroke", "neuroimaging" e "blood biomarkers". Resultados:Foram selecionados nove artigos com base na leitura dos resumos. Discussão: Técnicas de neuroimagem como a tomografia computorizada, a ecografia doppler transcraniana, a angiografia cerebral e a imagem de difusão por ressonância magnética apresentam potencial preditivo do prognóstico funcional do acidente vascular cerebral, nomeadamente através da avaliação do fluxo sanguíneo e do volume e localização da lesão, sobretudo quando usados em associação com a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Vários biomarcadores têm sido estudados como potenciais marcadores de diagnóstico, estratificação de risco e previsão de prognóstico no acidente vascular cerebral, em particular a S100 calcium binding protein B, a proteína C-reativa, as metaloproteinases de matriz e o peptídeo natriurético cerebral. Conclusão: Apesar de alguns biomarcadores e técnicas de neuroimagem revelarem capacidade preditiva, nenhum dos estudos com estas metodologias, isoladamente ou em associação, é capaz de sustentar a validação de um potencial modelo clínico preditivo de funcionalidade, revelando-se assim insuficientes na determinação precisa, nas primeiras horas após o acidente vascular cerebral, do prognóstico funcional aos três meses. Considera-se que são necessários mais estudos nesta área para o seu esclarecimento. Palavras-chave: Acidente Vascular Cerebral; Biomarcadores/sangue; Neuroimagem; Prognóstico; Recuperação Funcional. ABSTRACT Introduction:Stroke remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world and it is associated with an important long-term functional disability. Some neuroimaging resources and certain peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid proteins can give important information about etiology, therapeutic approach, follow-up and functional prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. However, among the scientific community, there is currently more interest in the stroke vital prognosis over the functional...
A young soccer player was diagnosed with myositis ossificans 6 weeks after a muscle strain in the right thigh. Radiographic and sonographic investigations initially helped to confirm diagnosis and later supported clinical improvement. We present our approach to the case and discuss pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of this rare condition.
Introduction: Lower limb amputees present a high risk of falling. This study aims to characterise fall history in unilateral lower limb amputees that are autonomous in the community, identifying differences between transfemoral and transtibial amputees and assessing fear of falling between fallers and non-fallers.Material and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of consecutive community-dwelling unilateral lower limb adult amputees of any aetiology, attending outpatient consultation in a Portuguese Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine central and university hospital department. Inclusion criteria: a prior 12 week individualised rehabilitation program for prosthesis training; regular prosthesis use for more than one year with autonomous gait; and a Functional Independence Measure® score equal to or greater than 100. Injury severity was classified according to the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® injury falls measure. In order to assess walking performance over short distances and fear of falling we used the 10-meter walk test and the Falls Efficacy Scale, respectively.Results: In a sample of 52 lower limb amputees, mainly men (80.8%) and of traumatic aetiology (63.5%), with a mean age of 57.21 ± 11.55 years, 36.5% reported at least one fall in the previous 12 months, all classified as minor injuries. Transfemoral amputees (n = 23) presented a higher number of falls (2.22 ± 3.23, p = 0.025) and lower gait velocity (0.77 ± 0.26 m per second, p < 0.001). Regarding fear of falling, we found no significant differences between fallers and non-fallers.Discussion: The prevalence of falls was low and of minor severity. Transfemoral amputees fell more often and were slower. There were no reported differences in fear of falling between groups.Conclusion: This paper contributes information about Portuguese lower limb amputees, whose studies are scarce and are rarely dedicated to falling.
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