Sixty-eight patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the etiology and prognosis, relationship to delayed hydrocephalus, and effect on neurological outcome. The most common causes were a ruptured aneurysm, trauma, and hypertensive hemorrhage. Ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery can often be predicted from the nonenhanced CT scan. The total mortality rate was 50%; however, 21% of patients returned to normal or had only mild disability. Patients in whom no cause was identified had a better prognosis. Delayed hydrocephalus was related to the effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than obstruction of the ventricular system by blood. IVH per se is seldom a major factor in the neurological outcome.

SUMMARY The authors have reviewed 15 cases of orbital dermoids representing 6% of orbital tumours seen at the University of British Columbia Orbital Clinic. They tended to occur as either asymptomatic superficial lesions in children or as complicated deep lesions in adolescents and adults. The superficial lesions were as frequent medially as laterally and could be dealt with by a direct uncomplicated surgical approach. The deep lesions in contrast, were frequently extensive and difficult to remove, requiring careful preoperative planning. Sites of origin, presentation, differential diagnosis, and management are discussed.Dermoid cysts occur in the orbital and periorbital region presenting in a variety of ways depending upon the site of origin, size, and rapidity of growth. The frequency ofoccurrence varies with the age group being studied. 1-3 and the particular interest of the centre. In the University of British Columbia orbital clinic we have noted a range of presentations from benign, isolated masses, to complicated and frequently misdiagnosed recurrent tumours with and without fistulisation. From our experience there appear to be two types of dermoid cysts seen in clinical practice. One presents as a simple or localised lesion and the other as a complicated one. The difference is based on the site of origin, location within the orbit, and the histological structure of the dermoid. Materials and methodsWe have reviewed all cases of histologically concomputed tomography, plain and tomographic xrays, and ultrasound.Surgical approaches included two lateral, nine anterior, one combined orbitotomy, and one excision from the temporal fossa, the approach depending on preoperative localisation. At the time of surgery the site of origin was explored and identified when possible. Postoperatively tumours were submitted for routine pathological study. Follow-up

To apply the updated epithelial salivary gland classification scheme to a large cohort of lacrimal gland tumors so as to provide an updated lacrimal gland tumor classification scheme. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of 118 cases of epithelial neoplasia was undertaken. Main outcome measures included pathologic analysis, subtyping, and survival. Results: Of 118 cases, 17 (14%) were reclassified using the proposed expanded classification scheme based on the current World Health Organization classification of salivary gland tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, of which we highlight more unusual histologic features. Three tumors were found to be unclassifiable with the updated scheme, with 2 having histologically malignant features. Deficiencies and variations in pathologic assessment were noted. Variation in the histologic findings of pleomorphic adenoma and assessment of the extent of invasion of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were highlighted. Conclusions: The use of the more histologically diverse classification of salivary gland tumors can be successfully applied to the epithelial lacrimal gland neoplasms. This expanded classification system led to reclassifying 14% of cases. Currently, there are no consistent pathologic standards for processing and evaluating these lesions.

Olanzapine reversed putamen and globus pallidus enlargement induced by typical antipsychotics but did not alter volumes in patients previously treated with risperidone. Changes in striatal volumes related to typical and atypical antipsychotics may represent an interactive effect between individual medications and unique patient characteristics.

Schizencephaly is a rare disorder of brain development resulting in the formation of abnormal unilateral or bilateral clefts in the cerebral hemispheres. It is often accompanied by partial seizures, mental retardation, and hemiparesis. Two patients are described with clear psychotic symptoms with either unilateral or bilateral schizencephaly. The implications of the association between schizencephaly and psychosis in these patients for understanding the biology of the psychoses are discussed.