HPTLC analysis was performed to study the phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins profile ofCyathea nilgirensisHolttum,Cyathea gigantea(Wall. ex. Hook.) Holttum, andCyathea crinita(Hook.) Copel. The maximum number of bands was observed in the ethanolic extracts ofC. crinita. The phenolic bands withRfvalues 0.05, 0.32, 0.43, 0.75 (quercetin), and 0.83 demonstrated their occurrence in all the three studied species ofCyathea.Flavonoids withRfvalues 0.05, 0.23, 0.30, 0.43, and 0.73 showed their presence in the three studied species ofCyathea.Tannins with theRfvalues 0.05, 0.09, and 0.82 determined their existence in all the three studiedCyatheaspecies. Gallic acid was present only inC. crinitawith theRfvalue 0.49. The developed HPTLC profiles can be used for identification and quantitative determination of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. This method is also suitable for rapid screening ofCyatheaspecies for chemotypic assessment and also for quality control purposes.

The present study was intended to determine the antioxidant, larvicidal, and cytotoxic potential of various extracts of Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Becherer. Antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, and scavenging of H2O2. Larvicidal activity of Asplenium aethiopicum was performed against the fourth instar larvae Culex quinquefasciatus. Cytotoxic activity was analysed in terms of brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The best free radical scavenging activity was exerted by methanolic extract of Asplenium aethiopicum (IC50 91.4 μg/mL) followed by acetone extract (IC50 99.8 μg/mL). Highest larval mortality was observed in the crude acetone extracts of Asplenium aethiopicum against Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 166.6 ppm) followed by methanolic extracts. Acetone extract of Asplenium aethiopicum was found to be most effective at which 50% and 90% mortality of brine shrimp nauplii that occurred were found to be 192.8 and 434.3 ppm, respectively. The results of the present study revealed the antioxidant, larvicidal, and cytotoxic potential of Asplenium aethiopicum.

The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemical and antibacterial potential of mother plants (aerial parts), in vitro leaves and stems derived callus and in vitro callus mediated shootlets of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and extraction was performed on stem and leaves segments derived calli (4 weeks old), aerial portions of mother plants and calli mediated shootlets of R. naustus. Anti-bacterial activity of different extracts (25 µg) (ethanol, chloroform, aqueous and ethyl acetate) of stem and leaves segments derived calli, aerial portions of mother plants and calli mediated shootlets were investigated by well-diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The preliminary phytochemical studies confirmed that the leaves and stem derived calli mediated shootlets showed the higher degree of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vitro derived calli and in vivo leaves and stem (aerial portions). The ethyl acetate extracted solvents showed the maximum bio-efficacy compared with other solvents due to the presence of more compounds such as saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolics, triterpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, anthraquinones, glycosides and flavonoids. The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds. The methods developed in this work make possible for the low volume and high potential production of active principles under in vitro condition in short duration with less amount of explants utilization. .

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