Surveys on education intended to test student learning achievement often analyse which educational environment factors have the biggest impact on student achievement. Determination of such factors and assessment of their impact is important in order to control the change in student achievement. Most surveys showed that student achievement is influenced by economic home environment factors, and student's socio-economic status. The purpose of this article is to analyse impact of socio-economic home environment of Lithuania's students on learning achievement.Lithuania is a country of limited economic resources. Therefore, it is interesting to analyse whether student's home socio-economic environment has the same significant impact on learning achievements of Lithuania's students as the results of surveys in other -and often more rich -countries show. Moreover, it is important to analyse which specific aspects of home environment have stronger or weaker impact on student achievement. Quantitative approach was used for the research. Survey and test were used for data collection.
Sense of school belonging is related to school/classroom social membership. Students' sense of school belonging depends on teachers, classmates and parents, and arises from a positive interpersonal relationship based on care and support, which contributes to students' sense of community. Th e scientifi c problem analysed in the article is defi ned by the following question: which factors of school educational environment are signifi cant for the sense of school belonging and social membership to arise? Th e databases of tests, student and school questionnaires of the OECD PISA worldwide study were used for the survey. 4618 students aged 15 from 216 general and vocational schools of Lithuania participated in the survey. Analysis of data showed that some factors of school educational environment have a positive, while other ones-negative relation to the sense of school belonging.
Viena aktualiausių šiuolaikinio gyvenimo problemų yra stresas. Stresas-tai ypatingas asmens ir aplinkos santykis, kuris asmens yra įvertintas kaip apsunkinantis arba viršijantis jo turimus išteklius ir keliantis grėsmę gerovei 1. Stresas tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai skatina susirgimą įvairiomis rimtomis ligomis: koronarine širdies liga, vėžiu, hipertenzija, didina nelaimingų atsitikimų, traumų ir savižudybių skaičių. Jis turi įtakos tokiems gyvenimo būdo pasikeitimams, kaip padidėjęs alkoholio, tabako, narkotikų vartojimas, sutrikęs miegas, sumažėjęs fizinis aktyvumas, o tai turi įtakos psichinei ir fizinei žmonių sveikatai 2. Stresas veikia tiek fizinę, tiek psichikos sveikatą. Žmonės, patiriantys stiprų ilgalaikį stresą, gali prarasti socialinį ir emocinį stabilumą. Jie gali jausti nerimą, depresiją, sunkiai randa išeitį iš padėties. Su stresu yra susiję imuniniai pokyčiai, jis provokuoja alerginių ligų atsiradimą 3. Stresas yra svarbus psichikos ligų veiksnys, pabloginantis ligos požymius ir sukeliantis ligos paūmėjimus 4. Lėtinis stresas gali nulemti imuninės sistemos susilpnėjimą ir padidėjusį jautrumą įvairioms infekcinėms ligoms 5. Tipiškos streso sukeltos ligos gali būti skrandžio ir dvylikapirštės žarnos opaligė, migrena, hipertoninė liga, miokardo infarktas, kai kurios imuninės, alerginės ligos, psichikos sutrikimai. Žmonių, kuriuos ilgą laiką veikia intensyvus stresas, sergamumo ir mirtingumo rodikliai yra 1,8-2,2 karto aukštesni 6. Studijos aukštojoje mokykloje yra reikšmingas gyvenimo įvykis studentams. Nors tai vieta, teikianti galimybę augti ir tobulėti, tačiau akademiniai reikalavimai, finansiniai sunkumai ir socialiniai reikalavimai studentams gali sukelti stresą 7. Jis būna University students have three main stress coping strategies: positive self-help (listening to music, going to sleep, engaging in any physical activity or other enjoyable activities, dancing, going for a walk, interacting with animals, trying to look at the problematic situation differently, looking for support, trying to resolve the problem, trying to look to the situation in a positive way); looking for support in others or elsewhere: in humans, God or medicine (going to a psychologist or psychotherapist, praying, meditating, using sedatives, drinking soothing tea), negative self-help (smoking, alcohol, drugs, overeating).
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