No abstract

Eagle's syndrome is a disease caused by an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Eagle defined the disorder in 1937 by describing clinical findings related to an elongated styloid process, which is one of the numerous causes of pain in the craniofacial and cervical region. The prevalence of individuals with this anatomic abnormality in the adult population is estimated to be 4% with 0.16% of these individuals reported to be symptomatic. Eagle's syndrome is usually characterized by neck, throat, or ear pain; pharyngeal foreign body sensation; dysphagia; pain upon head movement; and headache. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome must be made in association with data from the clinical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Patients with increased symptom severity require surgical excision of the styloid process, which can be performed through an intraoral or an extraoral approach. Here, we report a rare case of stylohyoid ligament bilaterally elongated to more than 60 mm in a 51-year-old female. We did a surgery by extraoral approach and patient's symptom was improved.

Condyle fractures represent 20% to 30% of all mandibular fractures and are thus among the most common facial fractures. The fracture pattern can vary greatly and may occur anywhere along the line from the sigmoid notch to the mandibular angle. The main problems are access, difficulty in repositioning the extremely slender fragments, and fixation of the condyle.Eighty-seven patients were diagnosed with condylar neck or condylar base fractures from January 2007 to December 2009 in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery of Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. In this study, we included 35 patients who underwent open surgery and a total of 28 patients who were treated using a retromandibular transparotid approach.Surgical treatment aims were anatomic repositioning and rigid fixation of the fragments, occlusal stability, rapidly return to function, maintenance of vertical ramus dimension, no airway compromise, and reduced long-term temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Considering the high rate of occurrence of condylar fracture and the importance of the condylar as a growth center of the mandible, extraoral approaches for the open reduction of condylar fractures are considered effective and can be used widely.Short access route, easy reduction, short operating time, and stable postoperative occlusion are the advantages of the retromandibular transparotid approach. Also, there was no permanent damage from facial nerve injury, salivary leakage, or preauricular hypoesthesia. Therefore, the retromandibular transparotid approach is considered a safe and effective method for patients with a condylar neck or condylar base fracture classified according to the Strasbourg Osteosynthesis Research Group's classification, who require surgical treatment with an extraoral approach.

Dental infections and maxillary sinusitis are the main causes of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can occur in all age groups, and is more frequently found in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw. Systemic conditions that can alter the patient's resistance to infection including diabetes mellitus, anemia, and autoimmune disorders are predisposing factors for osteomyelitis. We report a case of uncommon broad maxillary osteonecrosis precipitated by uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic maxillary sinusitis in a female patient in her seventies with no history of bisphosphonate or radiation treatment.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by proliferation of histiocyte-like cells (Langerhans cell histiocytes) with characteristic Birbeck granules, accompanied by other inflammatory cells. Treatments of LCH include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. One of the representative forms of chemotherapy is intralesional injection of steroids. Surgical treatment in the form of simple excision, curettage, or even ostectomy can be performed depending on the extent of involvement. Radiotherapy is suggested in case of local recurrence, or a widespread lesion. This article shows the case of repetitively recurrent LCH of a 56-year-old man who had been through surgical excision and had to have marginal mandibulectomy and radiotherapy when the disease recurred. After the first recurrence occurred, lesions involved the extensive part of the mandible causing pathologic fracture, so partial mandibular bone resection was performed from the right molar area to the left molar area followed by the excision of the surrounding infected soft tissues. The resected mandibular bone was reconstructed with a segment of fibula osteomyocutaneous free flap and overdenture prosthesis supported by osseointegrated implants.