Objective: Construction is one of the fastest growing and most important economic sectors worldwide, mainly due to its impact on job creation, trade in materials and the creation of essential infrastructure for social development. However, the behavior of the global market has recently been immersed in an environment of economic and political uncertainty, causing trade and industrial production to show signs of vulnerability. Despite the unfortunate ones established in the global economy, there will be moderate growth in rankings of developing countries like Colombia in different sectors. Methodology: Consequently, this research focused on analyzing the construction sector starting from its historical impact on Colombian economic development and its relationship with external phenomena, to the evaluation of macroeconomic indicators, supply and demand for capital goods, infrastructure and job creation through the formulation of projects in this sector, which are differential for having a public investment effect in the construction of houses and civil works. Results and conclusions: Likewise, deduce a weak recovery in the general market in relation to the factors surrounding the construction sector, evaluate and focus trends and the impact on the formulation of construction projects in the Colombian economy.
La construcción es esencial para el progreso de las sociedades modernas, especialmente en países en vía de desarrollo, al existir un déficit de vivienda e infraestructura considerable. Por lo anterior, el Estado interviene en la labor constructiva, mediante políticas gubernamentales enfocadas en dinamizar la economía. Asimismo, se canalizan recursos públicos de inversión para este tipo de proyectos, inherentemente complejos, gerenciados por el parque empresarial o privado. Sin embargo, debido a la dependencia del sector público, los cambios en los mercados mundiales, su volatilidad e incertidumbre, la economía colombiana es susceptible a cambios en el mercado, debido a las políticas de apertura económica. Lo cual genera un patrón de bajo rendimiento y efecto negativo en el sector productivo, que converge en el desempeño de la actividad empresarial. A lo anterior, se adicionan los esfuerzos en el abordaje y control de problemáticas tradicionales, centradas en incluir prácticas gerenciales para el manejo de recursos, metodologías y desarrollo de proyectos, ya que, no se realimenta y formulan mejores prácticas organizacionales, lo que ha impedido identificar factores relacionados con la permanencia empresarial.Ante la necesidad manifiesta, aquí se evalua el contexto organizacional en la construcción, sus características y capacidades, mediante la formulación de una metodología soportada en métodos estandarizados y análisis numérico multivariado, los cuales establecieron los rasgos y percepciones empresariales sobre la gerencia de proyectos. Con el análisis de consistencia interna y confiabilidad, se consolidaron los factores de permanencia empresarial, alrededor de las estructuras organizacionales, herramientas, capacidades del gerente, madurez, restricciones y su correlación con el tamaño empresarial, personería jurídica y subactividad económica. Estos son acompañados por criterios contextuales del entorno organizacional, a partir del conocimiento y uso de la gerencia de proyectos; lo que permitió la formulación de factores constituidos por las estructuras, prácticas, herramientas en procesos que influyen en el éxito y la permanencia empresarial, al identificar características que sintetizan y referencian la posible adopción de habilidades en procesos gerenciales dentro del contexto económico de la construcción.
Construction provides the infrastructure necessary for the progress of modern societies and responds favorably to global economic dynamics. This performance is conducted through business performance, when formulating and executing this type of projects in Colombia. However, Its productivity is low, despite its support as a leading stimulator of production in times of crisis. Therefore, this research analyzed the macroeconomic environment of the construction and building subsector, through the selection and characterization of companies in Boyacá, Colombia, together with the identification of their capacities, estimated by the financial and organizational statements required in public bids. This analysis exposes the dependent and volatile market, mainly supported by housing construction activity. In Colombia, there is a reduction in productivity and in Boyacá, 95.83% of sole proprietorships do not have conditions to participate in public procurement. Consequently, despite institutional efforts to encourage production by investment in the building subsector, the nature of the market and the organizational limitations hinder the development of the sector and the Colombian economy in times of crisis.
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