This paper focuses on the use of virtual reality (VR) systems for teaching industrial assembly tasks and studies the influence of the interaction technology on the learning process. The experiment conducted follows a between-subjects design with 60 participants distributed in five groups. Four groups were trained on the target assembly task with a VR system, but each group used a different interaction technology: mouse-based, Phantom Omni® haptic, and two configurations of the Markerless Motion Capture (Mmocap) system (with 2D or 3D tracking of hands). The fifth group was trained with a video tutorial. A post-training test carried out the day after evaluated performance in the real task. The experiment studies the efficiency and effectiveness of each interaction technology for learning the task, taking in consideration both quantitative measures (such as training time, real task performance, evolution from the virtual task to real one), and qualitative data (user feedback from a questionnaire). Results show that there were no significant differences in the final performance among the five groups. However, users trained under mouse and 2D-tracking Mmocap systems took significantly less training time than the rest of the virtual modalities. This brings out two main outcomes: (1) the perception of collisions using haptics does not increase the learning transfer of procedural tasks demanding low motor skills and (2) Mmocap-based interactions can be valid for training this kind of tasks.
ResumenEl uso de dispositivos móviles y tabletas como herramientas de apoyo en el proceso de aprendizaje es conocido como m-learning. Una tarea de aprendizaje puede dividirse en dos partes: el conocimiento y las habilidades involucradas. El uso de los dispositivos móviles y tabletas como herramienta de aprendizaje en el aula de clases puede considerarse favorable, por lo que se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente centrándose en la pregunta ¿qué impacto tiene el uso del m-learning en el proceso de aprendizaje? Con base en los trabajos revisados, se puede concluir que no existe una tendencia clara respecto al uso del m-learning dentro y fuera del aula de clases, y en algunos casos los resultados son contradictorios entre distintos autores.De los trabajos revisados se identificaron dos desventajas del uso del m-learning en el proceso de aprendizaje: la falta de desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas necesarias para la tarea de aprendizaje y la incorrecta incorporación de las modalidades de interacción disponibles en los dispositivos de m-learning para favorecer el proceso de enseñanza. De esta manera en este trabajo
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