In some locations with harsh winters, the heat stored in the soil may not be enough to heating a greenhouse, and so artificial heat must be supplied. The objective of this study was to evaluate a numerical model under local weather conditions, in Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany, during winter 2011 to analyze the air dynamics generated through a tube pipe heating system convection in a closed greenhouse, for it to be applicable in producing cold regions in Mexico. Results showed that 100 W m-2 of heat released from the soil kept the environment within acceptable ranges for plant growth from noon to evening. However, the energy lost by long-wave radiation during the night lowered the air temperature to minimal basal temperature. Heat from the pipes placed underneath the crop promoted air movement by convection, producing a uniform distribution of temperature and humidity within the plant canopy.

No abstract

A B S T R A C TRabbit barns are of economic importance in central Mexico, where rabbit breeders use rustic buildings for production. In such barns, climate conditioning is mostly based on natural ventilation (NV) where the lack of a well-designed NV system may be a limiting factor. In this study, computational fluid dynamics was used to analyse the performance of the NV system in a 24 x 4 x 4.8 m typical Central Mexico rabbit barn with a density of 20 rabbits m -2 of cage. The barn included both side vents at 1.2 m in height from the ground. Results indicated exchange rates of 0.052 and 2.9 x 10 -4 m 3 m -2 s -1 when the wind direction was simulated as orthogonal and parallel to the side vents, respectively, suggesting the orthogonal direction favoured the exchange rate. However, such conditions produced an accumulation of ammonia underneath the rabbit cages. Thus, a design modification including a lower inlet vent was analysed. Such modification substantially decreased the concentration gradients of temperature and ammonia.Gradientes de temperatura e concentração de amônia em fazenda cunícula com dois sistemas de ventilação R E S U M O A produção de coelhos em sistemas intensivos é importante para a economia da região central do México, onde os criadores usam instalações rústicas para produção. O acondicionamento climático nesse tipo de instalação ocorre, basicamente, por ventilação natural; no entanto, a arquitetura desses galpões é fator limitante para uma ventilação eficiente. Neste trabalho foi usada Dinâmica Computacional de Fluido para analisar o desempenho da ventilação natural em um típico galpão de 24 x 4 x 4,8 m construído na parte central do México. Foi usada uma densidade de 20 coelhos m -2 para as simulações. O galpão tinha dois lados de ventilação de 1.2 m de altura desde o solo. Os resultados indicaram taxas de câmbio de 0,052 e 2,9 x 10 -4 m 3 m -2 s -1 quando se simulou a direção do vento em ortogonal e paralelo às saídas de ar resultando em zero de concentração sobre as gaiolas; porém uma acumulação de gás ocorreu abaixo das gaiolas devido a uma distribuição não uniforme do ar. Com base nos resultados foram realizadas modificações na arquitetura das instalações, incluindo a abertura de entrada de vento na parte inferior do galpão. Tais modificações permitiram diminuir, notoriamente, os gradientes de concentração térmica e amoníaco.

No abstract

In Mexico, there are regions where the temperature drops below the minimum threshold for tomato cultivation (10 °C), requiring the implementation of auxiliary equipment to heat greenhouse air. The objective of this work was to estimate the energy consumption necessary to maintain climate requirements of a greenhouse located in Texcoco, State of Mexico, by using a model of energy balance implemented on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The temperature prediction relied on a numerical model based on CFD, proposing a benchmarking on the position and direction of the heater to estimate its effect on the thermal distribution. Results indicated that heater operation on January 2019, a power of 85.56 kW was needed to keep the greenhouse at 12 °C. Also, simulations indicated that electric heater used was not enough to get a homogeneous temperature inside the greenhouse. To achieve well-distributed thermal conditions, it was necessary to consider both the direction and position of heaters. Consequently, airflow direction became more important than height of the heater in order to homogenize the greenhouse area, given that the thermal gradient was reduced due to reverse heat flows.