RESUMENLa intoxicación etílica es la primera toxicomanía en muchos países del mundo. Afecta a todos los tramos de edad, en los dos sexos y en casi todos los grupos sociales. La mortalidad asociada sólo a la intoxicación etílica aguda es excepcional, pero puede ser un importante factor si coexiste con ingesta de otras drogas de abuso. Es responsable directo de más de la mitad de los accidentes de tráfico. El diagnóstico es fácil por la anamnesis y la clínica y se puede confirmar determinando el nivel de etanol en sangre. El tratamiento es de sostén, intentando proteger al paciente de complicaciones secundarias.El metanol o alcohol de quemar se utiliza como disolvente, encontrándose también como adulterante de bebidas alcohólicas. La intoxicación vía oral es la más frecuente. Oxidado en el hígado a través de la enzima alcohol deshidrogenasa, la toxicidad se debe a sus metabolitos, formaldehído y ácido fórmico. La clínica consiste fundamentalmente en cefalea, náuseas, vómi-tos, hipotensión y depresión del SNC. El nervio óptico es especialmente sensible pudiendo producirse una ceguera total e irreversible.El etilenglicol se utiliza como disolvente y anticongelante; la toxicidad se debe a la acumulación de sus metabolitos. La clínica incluye síntomas comunes con la intoxicación metílica. Puede ocurrir fallo renal por necrosis tubular y depósito de cristales de oxalato.Palabras clave. Etanol. Metanol. Intoxicación. Fomepizol. Etilenglicol. ABSTRACTAlcohol intoxication is the principal drug addiction in many countries of the world. It affects all age groups, both sexes and almost all social groups. Mortality associated with acute alcohol poisoning on its own is exceptional, but it can be an important factor if it coexists with recreational drugs. It is directly responsible for more than half of traffic accidents. Diagnosis is easy by means of anamnesis and clinical examination, and can be confirmed by determining the level of ethanol in the bloodstream. Supportive care is the best therapy in order to protect the patient from secondary complications.Methanol, or alcohol fuel, is used as a solvent, and can also be found as an adulterant of alcoholic drinks. Poisoning by oral means is the most frequent. Oxidized in the liver through dehydrogenase enzyme alcohol, toxicity is due to its metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid. The clinical picture basically consists of cephalea, nausea, vomiting, hypotension and depression of the central nervous system. The optic nerve is especially sensitive, with total and irreversible blindness as a possible result.Ethylenglicol is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze; toxicity is due to an accumulation of its metabolites. The clinical picture includes symptoms that are held in common with methylalcohol intoxication. Kidney failure due to tubular necrosis and the deposit of oxalate crystals can occur.

Predicting R status before surgery for pancreatic cancer (PDAC) patients with upfront surgery and neoadjuvant therapy. Summary Background Data: Negative surgical margins (R0) are a key predictor of long-term outcomes in PDAC. Methods: Patients undergoing pancreatic resection with curative intent for PDAC were identified. Using the CT scans from the time of diagnosis, the 2019 NCCN borderline resectability criteria were compared to novel criteria: presence of any alteration of the superior mesenteric-portal vein (SMPV) and perivascular stranding of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Accuracy of predicting R status was evaluated for both criteria. Patient baseline characteristics, surgical, histopathological parameters, and long-term overall survival (OS) after resection were evaluated. Results: A total of 593 patients undergoing pancreatic resections for PDAC between 2010 and 2018 were identified. Three hundred and twenty-five (54.8%) patients underwent upfront surgery, whereas 268 (45.2%) received neoadjuvant therapy. In upfront resected patients, positive SMA stranding was associated with 56% margin positive resection rates, whereas positive SMA stranding and SMPV alterations together showed a margin positive resection rate of 75%. In contrast to these criteria, the 2019 NCCN borderline criteria failed to predict margin status. In patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, only perivascular SMA stranding remained a predictor of margin positive resection, leading to a rate of 33% R+ resections. Perivascular SMA stranding was related to higher clinical T stage (P = 0.003) and clinical N stage (P = 0.043) as well as perineural invasion (P = 0.022). SMA stranding was associated with worse survival in both patients undergoing upfront surgery (36 vs 22 months, P = 0.002) and neoadjuvant therapy (47 vs 34 months, P = 0.050). Conclusions: The novel criteria were accurate predictors of R status in PDAC patients undergoing upfront resection. After neoadjuvant treatment, likelihood of positive resection margins is approximately halved, and only perivascular SMA stranding remained a predictive factor.

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to assess perioperative therapy in stage IA-III pancreatic cancer cross-validating the German Cancer Registry Group of the Society of German Tumor Centers—Network for Care, Quality, and Research in Oncology, Berlin (GCRG/ADT) and the National Cancer Database (NCDB). (2) Methods: Patients with clinical stage IA-III PDAC undergoing surgery alone (OP), neoadjuvant therapy (TX) + surgery (neo+OP), surgery+adjuvantTX (OP+adj) and neoadjuvantTX+surgery+adjuvantTX (neo+OP+adj) were identified. Baseline characteristics, histopathological parameters, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. (3) Results: 1392 patients from the GCRG/ADT and 29,081 patients from the NCDB were included. Patient selection and strategies of perioperative therapy remained consistent across the registries for stage IA-III pancreatic cancer. Combined neo+OP+adj was associated with prolonged OS as compared to neo+OP alone (17.8 m vs. 21.3 m, p = 0.012) across all stages in the GCRG/ADT registry. Similarly, OS with neo+OP+adj was improved as compared to neo+OP in the NCDB registry (26.4 m vs. 35.4 m, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The cross-validation study demonstrated similar concepts and patient selection criteria of perioperative therapy across clinical stages of PDAC. Neoadjuvant therapy combined with adjuvant therapy is associated with improved overall survival as compared to either therapy alone.