Sinusitis refers to inflammation in the sinuses. Complications of sinusitis are rare and most often affect the orbit. However, in rare cases, these complications may be intracranial. One of these intracranial complications is subdural empyema, which is a loculated suppuration between the dura mater and the arachnoid. Despite its rarity, it has a high mortality rate and is often underestimated by physicians. We report here a rare case of a 5-year-old girl with a subdural empyema secondary to contralateral sinusitis. She was admitted to a local hospital complaining of fever, nasal congestion and headache for 6 days. Antibiotic therapy was initiated on admission. After six days, the patient maintained the previous symptoms and developed a decreased level of consciousness, a right hemiparesis and had a witnessed tonic-clonic seizure. This prompt her transfer to a tertiary hospital for brain computed tomography (CT) scan, which revealed a left subdural collection and a right maxillo-sphenoid sinusitis. She was referred to neurosurgical care and underwent surgical drainage of the empyema. There were another two complications of sinusitis: periorbital cellulitis and frontal osteomyelitis (both on the right). The patient was discharged from the tertiary hospital on day 39 without neurological sequelae. This case shows a rare complication of sinusitis and its clinical, surgical and radiological features and reinforces to physicians the importance of being aware of the possible complications of sinusitis. The peculiarity of the case is attributable to the way in which bacterial spread from sinusitis to a contralateral subdural empyema occurred.
Introdução: Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, várias atividades foram adaptadas a esse novo e desafiador cenário, envolvendo novas medidas de segurança e estratégias de isolamento social. Os esportes profissionais, por serem capazes de promover aglomerações, também tiveram suas competições suspensas ou adiadas. Entretanto, como a situação durou mais que o previsto inicialmente, os campeonatos foram retomados com adaptações. Para que isso ocorresse da forma mais segura possível, tornou-se fundamental a criação de protocolos efetivos e em consonância com as diretrizes médicas. Objetivo: Comparar os protocolos divulgados pelas organizações e ligas de esportes profissionais, bem como apontar possíveis contribuições da medicina, em especial, a esportiva em um cenário de pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada em bases de dados (PubMed, ScienceDirect e Scielo) e em sites oficiais e jornais de ampla visibilidade. Os dados foram coletados durante o mês de agosto de 2020. Os protocolos da Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), National Basketball Association (NBA) e Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF) foram selecionados. Resultados: Verificaram-se diferentes estratégias estabelecidas pelas instituições no combate à disseminação da COVID-19. A UEFA e a NBA convergiram no tocante às rígidas diretrizes de testagem para o vírus, de traslados das equipes e de isolamento dos jogadores e comissões técnicas. Contudo, as políticas da CBF analisadas não seguiram o mesmo rigor. Uma semelhança em todos os protocolos foi a proibição das torcidas nos jogos. Além disso, constatou-se que a questão da integridade física muscular dos atletas não foi abordada nos protocolos das ligas esportivas. Conclusão: As medidas adotadas pelas organizações focam no controle da transmissão do vírus e na segurança dos entes envolvidos quanto à pandemia de COVID-19, o que demonstra um trabalho cooperativo e uma atuação da medicina mais próxima da comunidade esportiva.
The current study intended to investigate the effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics of young basketball players. Fourteen male basketball players aged 16.64±.50 years, divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=7), were assessed on free-throw, two-point and three-point shooting performance and on four kinematic parameters (release height, release angle, release speed and trajectory variability), before and after a five-week training program. During the five-week period, the experimental group accomplished a shooting training program that included 600 shots per week. Both groups maintained their regular basketball practice. The results show that the experimental group significantly increased their shooting performance on three-point (p<.05) and on free-throw (p<.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in three-point ball release angle (p<.05) and a significant increase in free-throw ball release height (p<.05) were observed in the experimental group, while the control group significantly increased the two-point ball release speed (p<.05). In conclusion, self-shooting basketball practice, in addition to formal practice, significantly improves shooting performance of young basketball players. In contrast, the reduced changes on the analysed kinematic parameters caused by the self-training program are most likely a consequence of the absence of external feedback during training process. Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento en el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Catorce jugadores de baloncesto masculinos, de 16.64±0.50 años, divididos en grupo de control (n=7) y grupo experimental (n=7), fueron evaluados en el rendimiento de tiro libre, de dos puntos y de tres puntos y en cuatro parámetros cinemáticos (altura de liberación, ángulo de liberación, velocidad de liberación y variabilidad de la trayectoria), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento de cinco semanas. Durante el período de cinco semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un programa de entrenamiento de tiro que incluía 600 tiros por semana. Ambos grupos mantuvieron su práctica regular de baloncesto. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente su rendimiento en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y en el tiro libre (p<.05). Además, se observó, en el grupo experimental, una disminución significativa del ángulo de liberación en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y un aumento significativo de la altura de liberación en el tiro libre (p<.05), mientras que el grupo de control aumentó significativamente la velocidad de liberación en el tiro de dos pontos (p<.05). En conclusión, la autopráctica de tiro en baloncesto, además de la práctica formal, mejora significativamente el rendimiento de tiro de los jugadores jóvenes. Por el contrario, los cambios reducidos en los parámetros cinemáticos analizados son probablemente una consecuencia de la ausencia de corrección externa durante el proceso de autoentrenamiento.
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