Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a microprocessed phototherapy (PT) system with five high intensity light emitting diodes (Super LED) for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of premature infants. Methods:Randomized clinical trial using Super LED phototherapy in the study group and twin halogen spotlight phototherapy in the control group. A stratified blocked randomization, based on birth weight, was performed. The duration of phototherapy and the rate of decrease of total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentration in the first 24 hours of treatment were the main outcome measures. Results:We studied 88 infants, 44 in the Super LED group and 44 in the halogen spotlight PT group. The demographic characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar. Infants in the Super LED group had a similar mean initial serum bilirubin level (10.1±2.4 mg%) to those receiving halogen spotlight treatment (10.9±2.0 mg%).After 24 hours of treatment, the decrease in total serum bilirubin levels was significantly greater in the Super LED group (27.9 vs. 10.7%, p< 0.01) and duration of phototherapy was significantly shorter in this group (36.8 h vs.63.8 h, p < 0.01). After 24 hours of treatment, a significantly greater number of patients receiving Super LED phototherapy had reached serum bilirubin concentrations low enough to allow withdrawal of treatment (23 vs. 10, p < 0.01). Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that the efficacy of Super LED phototherapy for treating hyperbilirubinemia in premature infants was significantly better than halogen phototherapy.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(3):253-258: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy.

No abstract

ResumoApresentamos, neste artigo, o relato de uma experiência de ensino que utilizou, em sala de aula, um jogo de dados, para o reforço no aprendizado dos conceitos de média e variância. O jogo é original e utiliza, simultaneamente, esses dois importantes conceitos da Estatística Descritiva. Formulamos também alguns problemas, envolvendo situações de jogo, cujas soluções, obtidas pelos próprios alunos, têm por objetivo reforçar os conceitos matemáticos presentes nas definições de média e de variância. Pelos relatos dos alunos e das professoras que aplicaram o jogo, acreditamos que a atividade desenvolvida tenha contribuído para a apreensão dos conceitos de média e variância pelos alunos. Esperamos que a sequência didática aqui apresentada possa auxiliar o professor do Ensino Médio no seu trabalho com esses conceitos. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Estatística, Jogos, Resolução de problemas. AbstractIn the present study, we describe a classroom teaching experience with a dice game to reinforce the learning of the concepts of mean and variance. The game is an original proposal and uses these two important concepts of Descriptive Statistics. We have also formulated some problems involving game situations. The solutions of these problems, obtained by the students, are intended to reinforce the mathematics concepts present in the definitions of mean and variance. Based on the reports of the students and teachers that applied the dice game, we believe that the activity contributed for the learning of the concepts of means and variance by the students. Therefore, we hope that the didactics sequence presented herein can help high school teachers in their work with these concepts.

ResumoApresentamos neste artigo uma proposta didático-pedagógica para o ensino do conceito de Probabilidade Geométrica por meio do uso de fractais. Para isso, formulamos problemas que, ao serem resolvidos pelos alunos, podem levá-los à construção ou reconstrução do conceito de Probabilidade Geométrica. AbstractIn this paper we present a pedagogical purpose for the geometrical probability teaching using fractals. For that, some problems were elaborated with the proposed of conduce the students in construction of geometrical probability concept. Firstly, the problems has the purpose teach mathematics. The problems were elaborated with the use of fractals, like The Sierpinski triangle. After the work with the problems, the teacher must systematize the concepts that were studied for means of the mathematics formalism and mathematics rigor. The themes explored were geometrical probability definition and problems that involved the complementary event concept, union of two events and conditional probability concept. In this work, we present problems originals that can offer aid possibility to the high school teachers that work or that wish work with the geometrical probability concept.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou avaliar os resultados da aplicação de uma proposta didático-pedagógica, que utiliza um jogo associado à resolução de problemas para o estudo dos conceitos de média, mediana e moda da Estatística Descritiva. Elaboramos um jogo (original) e formulamos alguns problemas envolvendo situações de jogo que auxiliam os alunos no reforço da aprendizagem desses conceitos. A proposta de ensino foi aplicada em uma sala do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados desta investigação indicam que o uso do jogo associado à resolução de problemas pode contribuir com a aprendizagem dos alunos e também o desenvolvimento de seus próprios conhecimentos.Palavras-chave: ensino de estatística descritiva; jogos; resolução de problemas.