Highlights: Análisis arqueológico y constructivo del castillo, documentando gráficamente su evolución sobre documentos 2D y 3D con tecnología HBIM. Se muestra el flujo de trabajo para la obtención de la documentación 3D mediante fotogrametría de imágenes múltiples capturadas con UAV. Se describen las ventajas de los modelos PDF-3D como recurso digital para compartir la información 3D georreferenciada de forma fácil y compatible. Abstract:This paper presents an applied methodology for the graphic documentation, analysis and criteria determination for the protection and conservation of built heritage. One of the main risks when restoring medieval rammed earth architecture is the lacking of an optimal graphic base of its structures. This paper's main objective is the holistic knowledge of the Píñar fortress (Granada), analysis the building sequence from an archaeological perspective, and performing a rigorous 3D survey of its structures as a fundamental procedure. This survey was carried out applying the new technologies in graphic documentation: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based multi-image photogrammetry and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) processing. The new systems of aerial three-dimensional (3D) capture and representation are changing the paradigm in the architectural heritage documentation, being much more efficient and precise. This high-quality documentation is fundamental for the archaeological research of the fortress' building sequence, remarkably easing research as well as results dissemination. The constructive techniques and building sequence study made with archaeological methodology has revealed the complex historical evolution of Píñar fortress, since it was built in the Almohad period, with important transformations in Nasrid and Castilian periods. These alterations in such a narrow span of time shed light on the importance of this fortification in the border organization in the Late Middle Ages. The experimentation with Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools applied to heritage (HBIM) is showing its great potential in processing data linked to conceptual models, integrating graphic documentation with archaeological and historical interpretation. Nevertheless, the complexity of historical buildings and the hard work of manual modelling are making its wider use in archaeology difficult. The BIM model of Píñar fortress has been enriched with data such as type of material, building technique, chronology, pathologies and modifications, differentiating the historical phases with specific colours to make its identification easier. Its aim is to acquire a better knowledge of the fortress historical evolution, thus allowing the creation of conservation and protection strategies. The holistic knowledge of a building is a complex task that requires the work of different professionals. The ones in charge of the graphic documentation must know the survey objectives and the needs of the rest of the team. The current and future management of heritage requires professionals working on conservation with upda...

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El castillo de Alquife es uno de los más importantes del Zenete, una zona de intenso poblamiento en época medieval, caracterizado por las grandes vegas de agricultura intensiva de regadío y por la explotación minera. Alquife es, en este sentido, el máximo exponente en la extracción de mineral de hierro a partir del s. XI tras un proceso concentración de la producción. Tras la conquista castellana, la implantación del señorío introducirá cambios radicales.PALABRAS CLAVE: Arqueología medieval, poblamiento rural, castillo, minería y metalúrgia. ABSTRACTThe Alquife castle is one of the most importants in the Zenete (Granada), in an area of intense settlement during the medieval period caracterized by the intensive irrigated agriculture and the mining explotation. Alquife is, in this sense, the principal producer of iron since the XIth century after a process of production concentration. After the castilian conquest, the creation of a manor will introduce radical changes.KEY WORDS: Medieval Archaeology, rural settlement, castle, mining and metalurgy.

The agrarian transformations which took place in the Iberian Peninsula between the eighth and the tenth century are essential for an understanding of how al-Andalus came into being. These developments provided the basis of a social formation which developed into a tributary mode of production. This study is part of a research project that draws inspiration from the tenets of landscape archaeology. Studying historic landscapes as part of the material culture of past societies provides valuable information about cultures and the ways they express themselves in space.e med_329 385..410 Introduction: theoretical proposalThe fundamental goal of this paper is to demonstrate, or at least to argue, the importance for the rise of al-Andalus of the agrarian transformations taking place in the Iberian Peninsula between the eighth and the tenth centuries, and the development of Andalusi social formation as part of the tributary mode of production. The agricultural revolution in al-Andalus is best understood from the perspective of irrigated agriculture, although other technical innovations as well as peasant knowledge were also contributing factors. While the revolutionary basis was the artificial water supply, which allowed intervention in crops' natural germination processes, there were also important advances in the types of resources that were being applied to agriculture and the management of new techniques. For example, new plants were introduced from places geographically and climatically remote and foreign to the Mediterranean and new forms of intensive cultivation were developed.

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