Impulse activity of masticatory muscles, jaw elevators and depressors, during hunger, eating, and satiation was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. The state of hunger is specifically reflected in the structure of temporal organization of impulse activity of proper masticatory muscles as a monomodal distribution of interpulse intervals and in activity of the mylohyoid muscle as bimodal distributions. Food intake induces reorganization of the temporal structure of impulse activity in both muscles manifesting in the form of similar bimodal patterns of distributions of interpulse intervals.

The human functional state is a prognostic indicator of the performance measurement. It is determined by the degree of activation of all body systems involved in a certain activity. The success of such an activity depends on the backup capabilities of the central nervous system. Afferent information triggers certain motor programs and activates those CNS parts, which control and correct such programs. The coordination of motor action sensory and motor components is an essential condition for sensory system functioning. The evaluation of visual and motor reactions is the simplest and most popular method, which reflects the speed of nervous processes, their switching, the level of visual-motor coordination, the general level of CNS efficacy and activity. The technique, which determines the parameters of various visual-motor reactions, characterizes the excitability of the visual analyzer cortical section, the excitation rate along the reflex arc to the effector inclusively, and contractile function. The time from the signaling to the body response is spent on data conducting and processing in the most complex parts of the brain and, therefore, serves as an indicator of the CNS functional state. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the method of evaluating the parameters of visual-motor reactions as integral indicators of the CNS functional state. Literarure data analysis has shown that indicators of visual-motor reactions characterize the state of the nervous processes in the body and its individual and typological characteristics. Moreover, they are considered as integral indicators of the CNS functional state. Assessment of visual-motor reactions is a simple and accurate neurophysiological indicator of the CNS neurodynamic characteristics, the overall performance level and CNS activity, which determines its prevalence in the study of human psychomotor functions. Keywords: simple and complex visual-motor reactions, CNS functional state. Функциональное состояние человека является прогностическим показателем оценки его работоспособности и определяется степенью активации всех систем организма, задействованных в исследуемом виде деятельности, успешность которой во многом зависит от резервных возможностей центральной нервной системы. Афферентная информация запускает определенные двигательные программы и активирует отделы центральной нервной системы, которые ответственны за контроль над этими программами и их корректировку. Координация сенсорных и моторных компонентов двигательного акта является важнейшим условием функционирования сенсорной системы. Наиболее простым и доступным методом, отражающим динамику скорости нервных процессов, их переключение, уровень зрительно-моторной координации, общий уровень работоспособности и активности центральной нервной системы, является оценка характеристик зрительно-моторных реакций. Методика определения параметров зрительно-моторных реакций различного уровня сложности характеризует возбудимость коркового отдела зрительного анализатора, скорость проведения возбуждения по рефлекторной дуге до эффектора включительно и сократительную функцию. Время от начала подачи сигнала до ответной реакции организма затрачивается на проведение и обработку информации в высших отделах мозга и поэтому служит показателем функционального состояния центральной нервной системы. Цель настоящей статьи – осветить распространенность использования метода оценки параметров зрительно-моторных реакций как интегральных показателей функционального состояния центральной нервной системы. Анализ исследовательских работ показал, что показатели зрительно-моторных реакций характеризуют состояние нервных процессов организма и его индивидуально-типологические особенности и рассматриваются как интегральные показатели функционального состояния центральной нервной системы. Оценка зрительно-моторных реакций является достаточно простым и точным нейрофизиологическим индикатором нейродинамических свойств нервной системы, общего уровня работоспособности и активности центральной нервной системы, что обусловливает распространенность его использования в области исследования психомоторных функций человека. Ключевые слова: простые и сложные зрительно-моторные реакции, функциональное состояние центральной нервной системы.

This review presents modern data on the biorhythms of cardiac activity in healthy individuals and pathological conditions. The article presents the changes in the indices of the cardiovascular system during the day. There are diurnal patterns in changes of heart rate. As in healthy persons and in patients suffering from arterial hypertension bimodality circadian rhythm of blood pressure was revealed. It is emphasized that circadian fluctuations in blood pressure may be associated with the participation of melatonin in the regulation of this indicator of cardiovascular activity. In healthy people circadian fluctuations of intervals duration and the height of ECG waves have been revealed. The people belonging to a certain chronotype influence diurnal variations of indicators of heart rate variability. The results of seasonal fluctuations of indicators of cardiac activity as well as the analysis of the frequency of disease recurrence in different periods of the year, the seasons and during the day are presented. The article describes research data on the effect of natural abiotic stress factors - geomagnetic disturbances on chronostructure biorhythms of the heart. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the voltage amplification of the magnetic field of the Earth have been covered. The statistical data proving connection between the heliogeomagnetic activity and an increase in the number cardiovascular accidents have been presented. Using the basic regularities of chronobiology allows us to predict the risk of developing various diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, which are the main reason of mortality in the world.

According to the classical and modern concepts the organization of functional hemispheric asymmetry is an interesting issue for different specialists. This article reviews current data on fixed and dynamic properties of the cerebral hemispheres functional specialization. The article covers the issues of functional insufficiency of hemispheric interrelations associated with some diseases, gives comparative analysis of parameters of social and psychological adaptation of individuals with one-hemisphere dominance, and presents features of lateralization of brain function in healthy males and females and those with pathology. The authors emphasize the leading role of the corpus collosum in hemispheric interrelations, reveal the features of hemispheric asymmetry of right-handed and left-handed individuals based on interaction of the cortex and the brain regulatory systems during quiet wake, dynamism and falling asleep. The article also focuses on the features of brain function lateralization of some athletes and hemispheric interrelations in different phases of desynchronosis and during organism ageing in normal and stressful ecological conditions. The authors address the issue of the relationship of pregnancy and the brain lateralization, as well as the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres with the asymmetry of the autonomic nervous system.