Reflection of the state of hunger in impulse activity of nose wing muscles and upper esophageal sphincter muscles was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits subjected to 24-h food deprivation in the absence of locomotion and during search behavior. In the absence of apparent behavioral activity, including sniffing, alai nasi muscles of hungry rabbits constantly generated bursts of action potentials synchronous with breathing, while upper esophageal sphincter muscles exhibited regular aperiodic low-amplitude impulse activity of tonic type. Latent form of food motivation was reflected in the structure of temporal organization of impulse activity of alai nasi muscles in the form of bimodal distribution of interpulse intervals and in temporal structure of impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles in the form of monomodal distribution. The latent form of food motivation was manifested in the structure of temporal organization of periods of the action potentials burst-like rhythm, generated by alai nasi muscles, in the form of monomodal distribution, characterized by a high degree of dispersion of respiratory cycle periods. In the absence of physical activity hungry animals sporadically exhibited sniffing activity, manifested in the change from the burst-like impulse activity of alai nasi muscles to the single-burst activity type with bimodal distribution of interpulse intervals and monomodal distribution of the burst-like action potentials rhythm periods, the maximum of which was shifted towards lower values, which was the cause of increased respiratory rate. At the same time, the monomodal temporal structure of impulse activity of the upper esophageal sphincter muscles was not changed. With increasing food motivation in the process of search behavior temporal structure of periods of the burst-like action potentials rhythm, generated by alai nasi muscles, became similar to that observed during sniffing, not accompanied by animal's locomotion, which is typical for the increased respiratory rhythm frequency. Increased hunger motivation was reflected in the temporal structure of impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles in the form of a shift to lower values of the maximum of monomodal distribution of interpulse intervals on the histogram, resulting in higher impulse activity frequency. The simultaneous increase in the frequency of action potentials bursts generation by alai nasi muscles and regular impulse activity of upper esophageal sphincter muscles is a reliable criterion for enhanced food motivation during search behavior in rabbits.

This review presents modern data on the biorhythms of cardiac activity in healthy individuals and pathological conditions. The article presents the changes in the indices of the cardiovascular system during the day. There are diurnal patterns in changes of heart rate. As in healthy persons and in patients suffering from arterial hypertension bimodality circadian rhythm of blood pressure was revealed. It is emphasized that circadian fluctuations in blood pressure may be associated with the participation of melatonin in the regulation of this indicator of cardiovascular activity. In healthy people circadian fluctuations of intervals duration and the height of ECG waves have been revealed. The people belonging to a certain chronotype influence diurnal variations of indicators of heart rate variability. The results of seasonal fluctuations of indicators of cardiac activity as well as the analysis of the frequency of disease recurrence in different periods of the year, the seasons and during the day are presented. The article describes research data on the effect of natural abiotic stress factors - geomagnetic disturbances on chronostructure biorhythms of the heart. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the voltage amplification of the magnetic field of the Earth have been covered. The statistical data proving connection between the heliogeomagnetic activity and an increase in the number cardiovascular accidents have been presented. Using the basic regularities of chronobiology allows us to predict the risk of developing various diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, which are the main reason of mortality in the world.

Manifestations of hunger and satiation in myoelectric activity patterns in different portions of the stomach were studied in chronic experiments. The state of hunger manifested in the structure of temporal organization of slow electric activity of muscles in the stomach body and antrum in the form of bimodal distributions of slow electric wave periods, while satiation as unimodal distribution. In hunger-specific bimodal distribution of slow electric wave periods generated by muscles of the stomach body and antrum, the position of the first maximum carries the information about oncoming food reinforcement, since this particular range of slow wave fluctuations determines temporal parameters of slow electric activity of muscles in all stomach regions in the course of subsequent successive food-procuring behavior. Under conditions of hunger, the pacemaker features of muscles in the lesser curvature are realized incompletely. Complete realization is achieved in the course of food intake and at the state of satiation.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the clinical profile of patients and the frequency of cardionephroprotective therapy in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) with hypertensive form (GF), the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated clinical conditions. Material and methods. Patients with HF CGN, 102, men – 52, women – 50, (55,0 ± 11,84) years, and stage III EAG, 98, men – 45, women – 53, (64,45 ± 12,1) years, were examined, the diagnosis was verified in the Tver Region Regional Clinical Hospital. Results. Differences in the frequency of associated clinical conditions, stages of CKD and the administration of hypotensive, lipid-lowering and antiplatelet drugs were revealed between patients with HF CGN and EAG. Conclusions. The clinical profile of patients with GF CGN consists of stage 3b–4–5 CKD, CVB, DM, the clinical profile of EAG patients includes stage 1–2–3a CKD, CVB, DM, CHF and CHD. Cardionephroprotective therapy in patients with GF CGN consists in the early inclusion of lipid-lowering and antiplatelet drugs in therapy before the appearance of stage 3b CKD, CVB and always in the presence of DM.

In order to assess the main indicators of peripheral blood and their correlation with risk factors (RF) by gender in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) stage III on the background of hypotensive therapy, 98 patients were examined. Among them, 45 men are the first group and 53 women are the second group. The method of survey, objective examination and analysis of laboratory studies were studied FR: age, duration of the disease, body mass index, blood lipid and glucose levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The main indicators of peripheral blood were studied in patients: the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). It turned out that in men and women with stage III AH, RF have a multidirectional relationship with the main indicators of peripheral blood. A decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin in men was observed with an increase in blood lipids. The decrease in GFR led to a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. The ESR index increased with an increase in the lipid content in the blood. In women, with increasing age and seniority of the disease, there was a decrease in the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.