Epidemiological studies imply a significantly positive association between particulate matter (PM) level and ischemic stroke hospitalization. However, considering that PM10 is highly heterogeneous and varies with season within the same location, existing experimental evidence remained low. In the present study, we first treated Wistar rats with PM10 samples collected from different seasons in Taiyuan, a typically coal-burning city of China, and determined ischemia-related markers in the cortex. The results indicated that PM10 exposure caused endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and neuro-functional impairment similar to that of cerebral ischemia with season-dependent properties, and the winter sample presented the most obvious injuries. Then, we detected the chemical composition of PM10 samples followed by analysis of their correlation with the above biomarkers and found that winter PM10, characterized by higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbon load, played the major role in causing brain ischemia-like injuries among different season samples. Furthermore, by setting up an ischemic neuron model in vitro, we confirmed that winter PM10 presented the most serious aggravation on ischemia-produced injury outcome. This study provides experimental evidence for clarifying the association between season-dependent PM10 pollution in the atmospheric environment and an increased risk of ischemia-like injuries.
New radio vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X) is an emerging technology based on the 5G cellular mobile communication networks. In this paper, the sidelink (SL) resource allocation for NR-V2X in Mode 1 is considered, where 5G base station (gNB) schedules SL resources to be used by V2X users (VUs) based on the periodically reported channel state information (CSI). To reduce the overhead, an energy efficient power allocation scheme of CSI transmission is proposed using hybrid spectrum access technology. With the knowledge of CSI, SL resource allocation is modeled as a mixed binary integer nonlinear programming (MBINP). It is designed to maximize the sum throughput of NR-V2X networks among different subcarriers subject to the total available power and the minimal transmission rate. To achieve that, the original MBINP is decomposed into two sub-problems, namely, subcarrier assignment and power allocation. Firstly, the appropriate subcarriers are quickly obtained by averaging the power allocation. Secondly, an alternative optimization mechanism is proposed to the power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed power allocation scheme of CSI transmission can obviously save the energy consumption, and the proposed suboptimal SL resource allocation algorithm achieves better performance than the compared methods with relatively low complexity. INDEX TERMS New radio vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X), channel state information (CSI), subcarrier assignment, power allocation.
This study investigated the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on lung injury during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in elderly patients undergoing radical esophagectomy with remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Fifty-four esophageal cancer patients undergoing radical esophagectomy were divided into control, RIPC and RIPC+Dex group. During the anesthesia and ventilation in surgery, the RIPC was performed in RIPC group, and the intravenous infusion of Dex based on RIPC was conducted in RIPC+Dex group. At the time immediately before OLV beginning (T1), 60 min of OLV (T2) and end of surgery (T3), the oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI) were recorded, and the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined. Results showed that, compared with RIPC group, in RIPC+Dex group the OI at T2 and T3 increased, the RI at T2 and T3 decreased, the serum SOD level at T3 increased, the serum MDA level at T3 decreased, the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels at T2 and T3 decreased (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, for elderly patients undergoing radical esophagectomy with RIPC, Dex can effectively inhibit the oxidative stress and inflammatory response during OLV, thus alleviating the lung injury and reducing the postoperative complications.
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