We present a medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of late-type giant stars at mid-Galactic latitudes of (30 • < |b| <60 • ), designed to probe the properties of this population to distances of ∼9 kpc. Because M giants are generally metal-rich and we have limited contamination from thin disk stars by the latitude selection, most of the stars in the survey are expected to be members of the thick disk (<[Fe/H]>∼-0.6) with some contribution from the metal-rich component of the nearby halo.Here we report first results for 1799 stars. The distribution of radial velocity (RV) as a function of l for these stars shows (1) the expected thick disk population

Adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of disordered eating and weight-related behaviors, and sexual minorities may be particularly at risk due to heightened minority stress and challenges related to sexual identity development. This review synthesized findings from 32 articles that examined sexual orientation disparities (each with a heterosexual referent group) in four disordered eating behaviors (binging, purging, restrictive dieting, diet pill use) and four weight-related behaviors (eating behaviors, physical activity, body image, and Body Mass Index [BMI]). Potential variations by outcome, sex, race/ethnicity, and developmental stage were systematically reviewed. Evidence supporting sexual orientation disparities in disordered eating and weight-related behaviors was more consistent among males than females. Among females, sexual orientation disparities in disordered eating behaviors appeared to be more pronounced during adolescence than in young adulthood. Sexual minority females generally reported more positive body image than heterosexual females but experienced disparities in BMI. Sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors and physical activity were especially understudied. Incorporating objectification and minority stress theory, a developmental model was devised where body image was conceptualized as a key mechanism leading to disordered eating behaviors. To advance understanding of sexual orientation disparities and tailor intervention efforts, research in this field should utilize longitudinal study designs to examine developmental variations and incorporate multi-dimensional measurements of sexual orientation and body image.

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Diploid human fibroblasts (IMR-90 cells), grown to confluency and growtharrested by serum starvation, were irradiated with a variety of doses of UV light (0.02540 Jim') or incubated with broad dose ranges of four direct-acting mutagens [ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ICR-170, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO)] and pulsed with a thymidine analog, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to detect evidence of DNA repair. These cells and appropriate controls were immunochemically stained and subjected to flow cytometric analysis to quantify BrdUrd incorporation into DNA and simultaneously measure cellular DNA content. Since the maximal quantity of BrdUrd incorporated with repairing cells is profoundly less than the amount incorporated during replicative synthesis and flow cytometric analysis collects information on a cell-to-cell basis, data collection using linear histograms succeeded both in revealing repairing cellular populations and eliminating replicative cells from the analysis. Technical modifications necessary to achieve stoichiometry with UV-irradiated IMR-90 fibroblasts included a 48h repair (and pulse) period, followed by denaturing cellular DNA for 15 min at 90°C. The limit of detection was equal to or below the lowest dose investigated (0.025 J/m'). DNA repair was also detected with cultures incubated with low doses of all chemicals and pulsed with BrdUrd for a 24 h period. The limits of detection were near or below 500 pM EMS, 5 pM MMS, 0.25 pM 4-NQO, and 0.1 pM ICR-170. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key terms: Ethyl methanesulfonate, flow cytometry; EMS; ICR-170; IMR-90 cells; methyl methanesulfonate, MMS; 4-nitroquinoline oxide, 4-NQO; unscheduled DNA synthesis, UDS Mammalian cells possess a variety of mechanisms for restoring the integrity of DNA damaged by environmental or endogenous agents. Some instances of damage are repaired with minimal disturbance to the DNA molecule (ex. photoreactivation of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by a dimer-specific endonuclease), whereas other repair processes, exemplified by several types of excision repair, remove not only the lesion, but excavate a considerable number of adjacent nucleotides in the process (26). With this latter circumstance, DNA integrity is restored by resynthesizing the excised domain and ligating this patch to the parental DNA strand. Various analytical methods have been developed to detect and quantify DNA excision repair in cells, typified by assays that measure 'Abbreviations: BrdUrd, 5-Bromodeoxyuridine; BU, BrdUrd con-