This article analyzes the ethical discussion focusing on the Facebook emotional contagion experiment published by the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> in 2014. The massive-scale experiment manipulated the News Feeds of a large amount of Facebook users and was successful in proving that emotional contagion happens also in online environments. However, the experiment caused ethical concerns within and outside academia mainly for two intertwined reasons, the first revolving around the idea of research as manipulation, and the second focusing on the problematic definition of informed consent. The article concurs with recent research that the era of social media and big data research are posing a significant challenge to research ethics, the practice and views of which are grounded in the pre social media era, and reflect the classical ethical stances of utilitarianism and deontology.
Online poker, like gambling in general, is predominantly a male activity. Thus, poker ads most often depict men as their protagonists. According to Jean Baudrillard, advertising can be seen as a 'plebiscite whereby mass consumer society wages a perpetual campaign of selfendorsement.' Ads often use stereotypical imagery for establishing a shared experience of identification with the consumer, and since their role is to sell rather than to portray the realities of life, they often have an exaggerated and monolithic -or, hyperreal -way of representing gender. This article offers an analysis of the ways in which men are portrayed in the ads of Poker Magazine Finland in the volume of 2009 (all six issues), at the peak of the so-called online poker boom.Theoretically, the article draws on postmodern theorists such as Jean Baudrillard and particularly on his concept of hyperreality (exaggerated and media-saturated reality) to analyze the way males are portrayed in the ads in question.
Words count: Core text (Title-References) 7677, Tables and Figure captions 1099. Digital and social media and large available data sets generate various new possibilities and challenges for doing research focused on perpetually developing online news ecosystems. This paper presents a novel computational technique for gathering and processing large quantities of data from Facebook. We demonstrate how to use this technique for detecting and analyzing issue-attention cycles and news flows in Facebook groups and pages. Although the paper concentrates on a Finnish Facebook group as a case study, the method demonstrated can be used for gathering and analyzing large sets of data from various social network sites and national contexts. The paper also discusses Facebook platform regulations of data gathering and ethical issues of doing online research.
From the Editor in Chief THE APPARATGEIST OF THE MOON LANDING Fifty years ago, a decade that was revolutionary in human development in many ways was drawing to a close. This period in the world's history was as famous for love as for war, but also for big and small technological innovations. Consumers became acquainted with acronyms such as ATM, CD, LASER, LED, and UNIX-not to mention the mind-expanding LSD or the less dramatic medical innovation marketed as Valium, the "Mother's Little Helper" epitomized by the Rolling Stones' song available for purchase on the recently invented cassette audio tapes. Medical care took a huge step forward when, in April 1969, a mechanical heart was transplanted into a human. And, in the nascent computer field, the first message between two computers on the ARPANET was sent. This event, a half century ago, provided the roots for technological advances that eventually led to the modern-day Internet and World Wide Web
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