SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To bring summarized information about what has been published so far regarding Covid-19, facilitating the access to information and a better understanding of this pandemic, and to contribute to the medical community in the decision-making against this virus. METHODS This review article brings collected information from different articles published since the beginning of the pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus. KEY RESULTS This paper aggregates and consolidates some epidemiological parameters and clinical knowledge about the novel coronavirus and brings what is new in the search for pandemic control. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Governments and health authorities are under increased pressure to control the COVID-19 spreading. In this scenario, the scientific community is working hard to produce relevant papers which will help in the next steps against coronavirus. Our review summarized the latest news about SARS-CoV2, evidencing what we know about COVID-19 until now.

Purpose: To evaluate exercise-induced changes in ocular blood flow (OBF) parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out, in which medically treated patients with POAG were enrolled. Following inclusion, all patients performed a 40-min cycloergometry in a standardized fashion. The following parameters were measured and compared immediately before and 1 and 30 min after the exercise: intraocular pressure (IOP; Goldman applanation tonometry), mean arterial pressure (MAP), ocular pulse amplitude (OPA; assessed by dynamic contour tonometry), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP; 2/3 MAP -IOP). In addition, we investigated possible factors associated with OBF parameter changes immediately after exercise. Results: A total of 30 eyes (30 patients; mean age was 62.9 ± 1.7 years) were included. Most patients were women (53%), and median visual field mean deviation index was -3.5 dB. Both MAP (mean change, 21%) and IOP (mean change, 17.3%) increased significantly immediately after the workout (p < 0.01), persisting higher than baseline following 30 min (p < 0.01%). Regarding OBF parameters, both OPA (mean change, 58.8%) and OPP (mean change, 21.7%) increased significantly immediately after the workout and persisted higher than baseline 30 min after the workout (p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that only age was significantly associated with OPA variation (R 2 0.14; p < 0.05). No significant associations were found for OPP (p ≥ 0.19). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise leads to a significant short-time increase in OBF parameters in patients with POAG. Even though IOP seems to present a modest elevation, it is accompanied by a significant increase in MAP, leading to higher OBF measurements. Exercise-induced short-term changes and its possible implications for glaucoma prognosis deserve further investigation.

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Introdução: Glaucoma é um conjunto de condições que levam à atrofia do nervo óptico, podendo causar cegueira irreversível. O glaucoma congênito é raro, porém grave, sendo uma das principais causas de cegueira na infância. O diagnóstico precoce é um desafio, pois o quadro é inespecífico e varia com o grau de malformação anatômica e com a idade de aparecimento dos sintomas. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os desafios do diagnóstico precoce, tratamento e acompanhamento do glaucoma congênito. Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento do glaucoma congênito nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo a partir de palavras-chaves padronizadas por meio de buscas no DeCS e MeSH. Discussão: O glaucoma congênito, geralmente, decorre de um defeito anatômico que resulta em prejuízo à drenagem do humor aquoso com consequente aumento da pressão intraocular e danos às células ganglionares da retina. A tríade clássica de sinais e sintomas é: lacrimejamento, blefaroespasmo e fotofobia. Os exames oftalmológicos são primordiais para confirmar a suspeita clínica e direcionar o tratamento, que é essencialmente cirúrgico e deve ser instituído precocemente visando evitar a evolução para ambliopia, estrabismo ou cegueira. A goniotomia e a trabeculotomia são as principais cirurgias utilizadas. Conclusões: Apesar de não apresentar elevada prevalência, o glaucoma congênito pode acarretar consequências potencialmente graves e irreversíveis quando não diagnosticado e abordado de forma precoce e correta. Por se tratar de pacientes pediátricos, com longa expectativa de vida, uma perda funcional traria grande custo social, mais relevante que em qualquer outra faixa etária.