La porcicultura de traspatio constituye una actividad fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria en gran parte de las áreas rurales de la Región Pacífica colombiana, dado que se basa en conocimientos ancestrales, involucra mano de obra familiar, es una actividad poco demandante de inversión económica al aprovechar recursos de la región, preserva al cerdo criollo que es un recurso zoogenético importante y sirve como fuente de ahorro para las familias de regiones apartadas del país. Sin embargo, las características del sistema productivo han sido poco documentadas. Con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas tradicionales de producción porcina en la Región Pacifica colombiana, se realizaron 97 encuestas que fueron clasificadas en cuatro grupos según las características del área geográfica: Chocó, Trópico bajo de Cauca y Nariño (NC), trópico alto de Cauca (Cauca) y trópico alto de Nariño (Nariño). En cada sitio de muestreo se obtuvo información socioeconómica referente a la vivienda, la familia y el productor, así como información técnica referente al sistema productivo. En las zonas rurales del Pacífico colombiano el número de cerdos criollos está disminuyendo progresivamente. Las principales causas de ello son el desplazamiento de cultivos de consumo humano por cultivos ilícitos, el desconocimiento de las propiedades del cerdo criollo, la falta de asistencia técnica y la falta de apoyo gubernamental para proyectos productivos. Existen además problemas de orden público y pérdida de vocación agropecuaria. Con todo esto la seguridad alimentaria de la zona está en riesgo.

I am honored to present to you this remarkable book, a testament to the invaluable research conducted in the fields of Health, Law, Engineering, and Administrative Sciences. Each chapter within these pages represents the culmination of extensive investigations carried out by dedicated scholars affiliated with the Red Universitaria de Risaralda (RUN), a network comprising 15 esteemed higher education institutions. Risaralda has emerged as a thriving hub for higher education, bolstered by its strategic geographical location, high quality of life, rich biodiversity, and competitive development. Today, Pereira ranks third in the index of university cities, with a student enrollment rate exceeding 63%. Close to 50,000 students pursue academic programs within the department. Notably, three institutions have achieved accreditation for their excellence in education, positioning Risaralda among the most competitive regions in terms of accredited academic programs. As we celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Red Universitaria de Risaralda in 2023, it is with great pride that we reflect on its pivotal role in fostering collaboration among public and private higher education institutions. Our mission has been twofold: attracting students to our region and supporting sustainable development and quality of life for our community. The mesa de investigación (research committee) has diligently coordinated the necessary actions to unite our researchers, facilitating an integrated approach to various disciplines and themes associated with the challenges faced in our region.

Bovine babesiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world, it is caused by protozoa of Babesia genus and generates anemia, anorexia, weight loss, jaundice and hemoglobinuria generating loss in production and even the death of the animal. Serological tests are relatively inexpensive and efficient to detect the parasite, but the results depend on factors inherent to the animal and the state of infection. Molecular markers are more precise tools to detect the parasite. The aim of the current systematic review was to review original studies, published between 2010 and 2018, in which molecular techniques were implemented to detect the parasite. The research was carried out using PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Science Direct databases. 196 records were identified according to the research criteria and only 47 were analyzed. The main molecular techniques reported include Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR (nPCR) and semi nested PCR, Real time PCR (qPCR), Reverse ...

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.

Polymorphisms of the Dopamine beta-hidroxylase gene and its associationwith bovine temperament ¤ Polimorfismos del gen Dopamina beta hidroxilasa y su asociación con temperamento bovinoPolimorfismos no gene dopamina beta hidroxilase e sua associação com temperamento bovino