Teeth and mouth are important parts in human body. In order to perform its function properly, dental and oral hygiene need to be considered. Dental and oral hygiene can be observed from the formation of plaque. The effort to prevent plaque formation is called plaque control. Plaque control can be done naturally by masticating fibrous foods, inter alia apple. This study aimed to determine whether there were any difference in plaque index between before and after masticating an apple. Samples were collected by using total sampling method. There were 44 samples, obtained from 72 students of Senior High School Sorong, West Papua. The results showed that the average of plaque index before and after masticating an apple was 2.1 and 1.2. The paired sample t-test showed a P value of 0.000. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in plaque index before and after masticating an apple.Keywords: plaque index, masticating, appleAbstrak: Gigi dan mulut merupakan bagian penting dalam tubuh manusia.Agar dapat menjalankan fugsinya dengan baik, kesehatan gigi dan mulut perlu diperhatikan.Tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut dapat dilihat dari pembentukan plak.Upaya pencegahan timbulnya plak disebut dengan kontrol plak.Kontrol plak dapat dilakukan secara alamiah yaitu dengan mengunyah makanan berserat, salah satunya adalah buah apel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah pengunyahan buah apel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode Pra eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest and posttest one group only yang dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Sorong Papua Barat. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah total sampling dengan jumlah responden 44 dari 72 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata indeks plak sebelum pengunyahan buah apel ialah 2,1 dan rerata indeks plak sesudah pengunyahan buah apel ialah 1,2. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired t-test menunjukkan P = 0,000. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara indeks plak sebelum dengan sesudah pengunyahan buah apel.Kata kunci: indeks plak, pengunyahan, buah apel
The immersion of GIC type II in acid drink like isotonic drink could reduce the compressive strength (CS) of GIC type II. This is due to the matrix degradation process of GIC in acid condition. But on the other hand, there is artificial saliva that can neutralize this condition. Purpose: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of artificial saliva on compressive strength of GIC type II immersed in isotonic drink. Method: The GIC specimens of 6mm x 6mm x 12mm (length x width x depth) were immersed for 24 hours in water, 24 hours in isotonic drink, 24 hours in isotonic drink and continue with 72 hours in artificial saliva, 48 hours in isotonic drink, and 48 hours in isotonic drink and continue with 144 hours in artificial saliva. The compressive strength was determined using Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test ( = 0.05). Result: Statistic test shows significant difference of CS (p<0,05). Conclusion: conclusion of this study artificial saliva gives effect to the rising of the compressive strength of GIC type II immersed in isotonic drink. Keywords: Isotonic drink, artificial saliva, compressive strength, Glass Ionomer Cement type II. Abstrak: Perendaman SIK tipe II dalam minuman asam seperti minuman isotonik dapat mengurangi kekuatan tekan SIK tipe II. Hal ini disebabkan proses degradasi matriks SIK pada kondisi asam. Namun di sisi lain, saliva buatan yang dapat menetralkan kondisi ini. Tujuan: untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh saliva buatan terhadap kekuatan tekan SIK yang direndam dalam minuman isotonik. Metode: Spesimen SIK tipe II berukuran 6mm x 6mm x 12 mm (panjang x lebar x tinggi) direndam selama 24 jam dalam air, 24 jam di dalam minuman isotonik, 24 jam di dalam minuman isotonik dan lanjutkan dengan 72 jam pada saliva buatan, 48 jam di minuman isotonik, dan 48 jam di minum isotonik dan lanjutkan dengan 144 jam dalam saliva buatan. Kekuatan tekan diukur menggunakan Universal Testing Machine dengan kecepatan 0,5 mm / min. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan one-way ANOVA dan post-hoc uji LSD ( = 0,05). Hasil: Uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari kekuatan tekan (p <0,05). Simpulan: terdapat pengaruh saliva buatan terhadap kekuatan tekan SIK tipe II yang direndam dalam minuman isotonik. Kata kunci: minuman isotonik, saliva buatan, kekuatan tekan, Semen Ionomer Kaca tipe II.
Inadequate oral and dental hygiene can cause plaques containing various kinds of bacteria; one of them is Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) is a medicinal herb that contains antibacterial compounds namely flavonoids, alkonoid, terpanoid, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract to the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The method used in this study was serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry as the test methods. Binahong leaves were taken from Tempok village and were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were obtained from a pure bacterial stock in Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia steenis) to the growth of Streptococcus mutans was 6.25%.Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, binahong leaf, MIC, tooth cariesAbstrak: Kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya plak yang mengandung berbagai macam bakteri, salah satu diantaranya Streptococcus mutans yang menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi. Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia steenis) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri yaitu flavonoid, alkonoid, terpanoid dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode serial dilusi dengan metode pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun binahong diperoleh di desa Tempok, dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa KHM daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan streptococcus mutans ialah pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: Streptococcus mutans, daun binahong, KHM, karies gigi
Dental health education conducted to the elementary school students is one of the promotive efforts to increase oral and dental health, however, it needs an appropriate media. This study was aimed to evaluate the difference between health promotion using audio media and using audio-visual media to dental health behavior of elementary school students. This was a quasy experimental study using questionnaire as the instrument. This study was conducted among elementary school students of Sekolah Dasar Inpres at Tiwoho North Minahasa. There were 56 students as respondents obtained by using simple random sampling method. The result of independent T-test showed a difference between the average behavior value of the audio group and of the audio-visual group (p= 0.004). Conclusion: There was a significant difference between health promotion using audio media and using audio-visual media to care dental health behavior among elementary school students. Keywords: health promotion, audio, audio-visual Abstrak: Promosi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada siswa sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu upaya promotif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Untuk melakukan hal tersebut diperlukan penggunaan media yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perbandingan pengaruh promosi kesehatan menggunakan media audio dengan media audio-visual terhadap perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada siswa SD. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Inpres Tiwoho Minahasa Utara, dengan jenis penelitian quasy eksperimental menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah responden sebanyak 56 siswa diperoleh dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil uji statistik independent T-test menunjukkan perbedaan antara nilai rerata kelompok audio-visual dan kelompok audio (p=0,004). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara promosi kesehatan menggunakan media audio dengan media audio-visual terhadap perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada siswa SD.Kata kunci: promosi kesehatan, audio, audio-visual
Caries still becomes a problem in many countries include Indonesia. Basic Health Research in 2007 showed that caries experience of Indonesian population reach 72,1% and North Sulawesi stand at third rank with 82,8%. Determination of caries activity of individual can be done with caries risk assessment. Salivary flow and viscosity is included in caries risk assessment. Low salivary flow and high viscosity can show the presence of caries process. Hormonal contraception by injection is used more in Indonesia. In 2013 women who use injection KB was 49,42 % and in North Sulawesi was 41,30 %. Estrogen and progesterone hormone compound in injectable contraception are suspected to have ability to increase saliva secretion. Study type was descriptive with cross-sectional design and sampling method with purposive sampling by collect saliva in 5 minute that filled in a container. It is done in Kelurahan Banjer Kecamatan Tikala. The result showed that the majority (43.1 %) had normal salivary flow. Salivary viscosity result showed mostly 61.4 % had injectable contraception users in Kelurahan Banjer mostly had normal flow and placed in medium caries risk category. Salivary viscosity of injectable contraception users were watery category and placed in low caries riskKeywords: caries risk, salivary flow, salivary viscosity, injectable contraception users.Abstrak: Penyakit karies masih menjadi masalah di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia. Hasil Riset kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 menunjukkan pengalaman karies yang diderita penduduk Indonesia mencapai 72,1% dan Sulawesi Utara menempati urutan ketiga dengan 82,8%. Penentuan aktivitas karies pada individu dapat dilakukan melalui penilaian risiko karies. Pemeriksaan aliran dan kekentalan saliva dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies. Kecepatan aliran saliva dan dan kekentalan saliva dapat menunjukkan risiko karies individu. Kontrasepsi suntik merupakan jenis kontrasepsi hormonal yang semakin banyak dipakai di Indonesia. Tahun 2013 wanita pengguna Kontrasepsi Suntik di Indonesia sebanyak 49,42% dan di Sulawesi Utara sebanyak 41,30%. Kandungan hormon esterogen dan progesteron dalam Kontrasepsi Suntik diduga dapat meningkatkan sekresi saliva. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional serta pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan cara mengumpulkan saliva selama 5 menit yang ditampung ke dalam wadah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Banjer Kecamatan Tikala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas (43,1%) memiliki aliran saliva normal dan 61,4% memiliki kekentalan saliva yang tergolong encer. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu aliran saliva pengguna Kontrasepsi Suntik di Kelurahan Banjer sebagian besar berada pada kategori normal dan risiko karies tergolong sedang. Kekentalan saliva pengguna KB suntik di Kelurahan Banjer berada pada kategori yang encer dan dikategorikan risiko karies rendah.Kata kunci: risiko karies, aliran saliva, kekentalan saliva, pengguna kontrasepsi suntik
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