BACKGROUND Anti‐CD47 (Hu5F9‐G4) is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG)4 antibody that is in clinical trials to treat hematologic or solid malignancies. CD47, a glycoprotein expressed on all cells, binds to signal‐regulatory protein α on macrophages and regulates phagocytosis. Blocking CD47 is thought to enhance phagocytosis and promote antitumor responses. Here, we evaluate drug interference in pretransfusion testing, determine mitigation strategies, and compare interference with anti‐CD38 (Daratumumab). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Samples from four patients were tested by standard methods. Anti‐IgG (Immucor monoclonal Gamma‐clone and Ortho BioClone) were used, and dithiothreitol and enzyme‐treated RBCs were tested. Allo‐adsorption was performed with papain treated RBCs, pooled platelets, or with commercial human platelet concentrate. Platelet antibody testing was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS All plasma samples reacted 3+ to 4+ in all phases with all red blood cells (RBCs) by all methods including immediate spin. Stronger reactivity was observed with D– RBCs with titers as high as 16,384 at indirect antiglobulin testing. Reactivity at indirect antiglobulin testing using Gamma‐clone anti‐IgG (which does not detect IgG4) was only weakly positive and confirmed to be carryover agglutination. Plasma reacted with dithiothreitol, trypsin, papain, α‐chymotrypsin, or warm autoantibody removal medium (W.A.R.M., Immucor) treated RBCs. Direct antiglobulin testing and autocontrol were negative or weak with 3+ reactive eluates. Reactivity was removed by multiple alloadsorptions with papain‐treated cells or pooled platelets. Polyethylene glycol adsorption was invalid due to precipitation of antibody. CONCLUSION Anti‐CD47 (Hu5F9‐G4) interferes with all phases of pretransfusion testing, including ABO reverse typing. To remove interference requires multiple RBC alloadsorptions and/or the use of monoclonal Gamma‐clone anti‐IgG in the indirect antiglobulin testing.

This work describes the electrical investigation of paclitaxel-treated HeLa cells using a custom-made microfluidic biosensor for whole cell analysis in continuous flow. We apply the method of differential electrical impedance spectroscopy to treated HeLa cells in order to elucidate the changes in electrical properties compared with non-treated cells. We found that our microfluidic system was able to distinguish between treated and non-treated cells. Furthermore, we utilize a model for electrical impedance spectroscopy in order to perform a theoretical study to clarify our results. This study focuses on investigating the changes in the electrical properties of the cell membrane caused by the effect of paclitaxel. We observe good agreement between the model and the obtained results. This establishes the proof-of-concept for the application in cell drug therapy.

In this chapter a detailed description of the fabrication and testing of an aptasensor for influenza A virus detection is given. The sensor chip is an all-polymer chip fabricated with screen-printed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. Chip substrates are made by CO laser cutting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets. Influenza A virus specific aptamers are immobilized onto the electrodes by UV cross-linking. Impedance based measurements at a single frequency, measured over time, are used to detect the virus in a buffer solution.

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