Se aborda la problemática de la baja independencia cognoscitiva de los estudiantes al realizar las prácticas de laboratorio de biología. Para atenuarla, se propone transformar las prácticas de laboratorio tradicionales en tareas experimentales e introducir un método para orientar a los estudiantes en la solución independiente de las tareas experimentales cualitativas de biología. Dicho método fue obtenido por analogía. Para la validación de la propuesta, se realizó un experimento de modelo y una intervención práctica, donde se siguió una secuencia de apertura en una muestra de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación, Biología. Desde el punto de vista estadístico, se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar para comparar la independencia cognoscitiva de los estudiantes en las diferentes etapas del método de solución, y de los estudiantes entre sí. Como resultado del experimento, se evidenció la funcionalidad del método para el diseño de las tareas experimentales correspondientes a las disciplinas biológicas. En la intervención práctica se detectaron regularidades didácticas, que permitieron obtener avances significativos en la independencia cognoscitiva de los estudiantes de la muestra.
The teaching-learning process is greatly enriched when the motivation of students is achieved, so that they show greater interest in learning and are allowed to interact with others in being, knowing and doing, where they constantly ask questions, are amazed and can seek solutions to increasingly complex problems of their school and professional environment. To this end, it is necessary to propose a Project Based Learning methodology based on an optional program for the initial training of the Short Cycle Higher Technician in Pharmaceutical Services, during the 2022 course that contributes to the achievement of professional competences and knowledge management of the future graduate of Pharmaceutical Services of the Faculty of Nursing and Health Technology. University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, Cuba, which will be oriented to action, interdisciplinarity and use of Information and Communication Technologies. The Project Based Learning methodology proposed in the elective program constitutes an innovative experience in the undergraduate course, with the purpose of developing skills in self-management of knowledge in students and development of professional competences.
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