No abstract

No abstract

than conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. [1] However, the inherent limitations of currently available LiS batteries-namely their volume expansion during the charge-discharge process, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the low intrinsic conductivity of S-hamper their commercialization. [2] Extensive research is needed to develop affordable S host materials that can resolve the above-mentioned limitations, as this will enable the development of practical LiS batteries with high energy densities and excellent cycle stabilities. [3] Carbonaceous materials have high electrical conductivities, large surface areas,

Herein, we demonstrate an inorganic−organic double network gel electrolyte consisting of a silica particle network and a poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate network in which 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids are confined. The as-synthesized double network ionogel electrolytes exhibited high ion conductivity of 3.8 to 12.8 mS cm −1 over a wide temperature range of 30 to 150 °C and mechanical integrity with a maximum toughness of 1.8 MJ m −3 at 30 °C. These remarkable properties of the ionogel were associated with the formation of an optimal physical network of the silica nanoparticles in the colloidal dispersion. Accordingly, a flexible supercapacitor using ionogel electrolytes and reduced graphene oxide electrodes delivered energy and power densities of 48 Wh kg −1 and 4 kW kg −1 , respectively, even at a high temperature of 120 °C, demonstrating excellent long-term stability that retains 93% of the initial capacitance even over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 120 °C.

No abstract