The recrystallization behaviour during annealing of cold-rolled Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy was clarified in this paper. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the microstructure and properties of the Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy were investigated. The equations of electrical conductivity and recrystallization kinetics during annealing were obtained with Martition's rule and Avrami empirical formula. The variations of recrystallization volume fraction and the growth of recrystallization grain for Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy after 40% cold rolling were discussed. The calculated conductivity and volume fraction of recrystallization have a good match with experimental results. The variations of the properties of annealed Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy are attributed to the growth rate of recrystallization phase and the size of recrystallization grains.

The growth and congregation of minor phase in immiscible Cu-Fe alloys were investigated. Results showed that the Brown motion was strongly affected by the initial number of the separated droplets. With the increase of initial numbers of droplets, the time needed for completing the Brown congregation reduced. The calculation confirmed that increasing the radiuses of droplets would lead to the decrease of the time for congregation completed. As the increases of the undercooling and the droplet radius, the ratio of Stokes motion velocity to Marangoni motion velocity increased.

In view of the process of flowing steel before the establishment of strip casting, the low superheat forced pouring continuous casting technology, i.e. the molten steel is cooled by the rotating cooling rollers, then it is forced to flow into mold, has been put forward in order to reduce superheat of liquid steel, enhance the efficiency of heat transfer and improve inner structure of billet. The filling and solidification processes of low superheat casting and submerged entry nozzle(SEN) casting are numerical simulated using fluid dynamics software. It is gained that velocity distributing diagrams, temperature distributing diagrams and solidification distribution diagrams at different time in the filling process. Influences of twin-roller cooling pouring on velocity field, temperature field and solidification are analyzed. The results show that the superheat of liquid steel is decreased and the solidification rate of liquid steel is increased by low superheat casting of twin-roller cooling process, which is favorable to improving the quality of billet and enhancing pull speed.

In the paper a inner-outer couple cooling technology of molten steel for 1240×200mm slab continuous casting, that is to set an inner cooler-U shape pipes in the mold, is put forward in order to enhance the efficiency of transmitting heat and improve the flow status of molten steel. The flow status of molten steel in inner-outer couple cooling mold is simulated by using fluid dynamics software. It is found that setting inner cooler in the mold can make molten steel flow status even, which partly act as electromagnetic trig and is favorable to inclusion in molten steel floating up.

EditorialJust recently, Vijaya Krishna Varanasi represented the advantages of open access journals [1], thus we want to share some ideas based on our mass spectrometric researches for organic chemistry in "Organic Chemistry: Current Research". Mass spectrometer, as a tool of weighing the ions, is applied widely in natural science. With massive progress in ionization techniques and mass analysers recently, modern mass spectrum characterized by sensitivity, speed, specificity and stoichiometry [2], opens an insightful window for deepening the understanding of the organic chemistry. As the key point in understanding the mechanisms of organic reactions, the identification of reactive intermediates is nearly always a challenging task because they are short-lived and hardly separated from other related complexes. Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a method of transferring real-world ions from solution to the gas phase [3]. Because reactive species are almost infinitely stable due to high-vacuum conditions in the gas phase [4] and active species with a charge can be probed selectively, ESI-MS has become increasingly popular in characterization of active intermediates especially combined with tandem mass spectrometric (MS n ) methods [4][5][6][7][8][9]. 5. Santos LS, Knaack L, Metzger JO (2005) Investigation of chemical reactions in solution using API-MS. Int J Mass Spectrom 246: 84-104 6. Eberlin MN (2007) Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a major tool to investigate reaction mechanisms in both solution and the gas phase. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester, Eng) 13: 19-28. 7. Zhao ZX, Wang HY, Guo YL (2011) Studies of heterogeneous/homogeneous ion-molecule reactions by ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Curr Org Chem 15: 3734-3749. OCCR an open access journal 8. Schröder D (2012) Applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in mechanistic studies and catalysis research. Acc Chem Res 45: 1521-1532.