Kanker lambung merupakan kelompok penyakit keganasan yang mempunyai penyebab multifaktorial yaitu dari faktor genetik, gaya hidup dan lingkungan. Kelainan gen pada kromosom ke - 16 dapat menyebabkan Hereditary Difuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC). Selain faktor genetik, adanya pola diet yang tidak tepat, kebiasaan merokok dan alkohol juga dapat menjadi faktor risiko seseorang menderita kanker lambung. Pola diet yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kolonisasi dari bakteri Helicobacter pylori di dalam lambung yang dalam perkembangannya, bakteri ini dapat menimbulkan keganasan. Selain infeksi bakteri H. pylori, terdapat juga infeksi Virus Epstein Barr (EBV) sebagai faktor risiko dari kanker lambung. Adanya infeksi EBV pada penderita kanker lambung memberikan gambaran sistem imun penderita di mana kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi prognosis penderita. Angka kejadian kenker lambung meningkat pada Negara di Asia Timur, Eropa Tengah dan Timur serta Amerika Selatan. Kanker lambung lebih banyak dijumpai pada laki-laki dan diatas usia 50 tahun. Kanker lambung Gejala yang ditimbulkan oleh kanker lambung pada awalnya tidak khas seperti gejala pada keluhan pencernaan umumnya. Kanker lambung sering kali ditemukan pada stadium yang sudah lanjut dan mengakibatkan prognosis yang kurang baik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya diagnosa dini pada penderita kanker lambung yaitu dengan tindakan endoskopi sebagai tindakan deteksi stadium dini. Tata laksanaanker lambung tergantung pada kondisi stadium yang ditemukan. Pada stadium awal, tata laksana yang diberikan hanya tindakan reseksi minimal sedangkan pada stadium lanjut dapat dilakukan tata laksana dengan prinsip multi modalitas yang melibatkan tindakan pembedahan dan tindakan kuratif.

Currently, obesity is a problem for both developed and developing countries. Obesity nutritional status is associated with body fat levels, central obesity and is associated with various diseases This study analyzes the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, and the ratio of waist to hip to body fat percentage and visceral fat based on gender. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, involving sixty-three employees aged 19-60 years in February 2021. Subject characteristics data were collected using a questionnaire, in addition to physical examination to obtain anthropometric data in the form of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference. Data on the percentage of body fat and visceral fat were obtained using the Mi body composition digital tool. The Pearson's correlation test was used for analysis and the significance level used was 0.05. A total of 49.2 % of subjects were categorized as obese based on body mass index. In the male group, there was a strong and significant positive correlation between BMI, WC, with the percentage of body fat and visceral fat with p =0.000. However, in female subjects, a significant positive correlation was found between BMI, WC, with visceral fat in women with p = 0.000. BMI, WC, and WHR correlated strongly with body fat and visceral fat levels in men. In the female group, BMI and WC were strongly correlated with visceral fat. Keywords: anthropometric, fat, visceral

BACKGROUNDAtherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack, stroke and peripheral disease, is a main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are independent factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic index (AI) is a strong indicator of cardiovascular heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid serum level and AI in subjects 50-70 years of age.

Increased age causes an increase in degenerative diseases. Antioxidants in the body unable to neutralize the increased concentration of free radicals. The flesh of the Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl contains flavonoids which have antioxidant effects. At present, there are still very limited clinical trials of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. This study was an experimental pretest and posttest involving 30 healthy volunteers receiving glucose loads in November 2018–February 2019 in Jakarta. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant effect of  Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dry fruit extract in various dosage ranges. Subjects of this study aged 30–55 years. The data collection included anthropometric examination and malondialdehyde levels before and after administration of dry fruit extract doses of 62.5 mg, 125 mg, and 250 mg at 150 minutes after oral glucose induction. Data analysis using a paired t test with p<0.05. Decreased levels of malondialdehyde in the administration of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl with a dose of 62.5 mg, 125 mg, and 250 mg by 40.9%, 22.9%, and 18.3% compared to the baseline malondialdehyde level (1,608 nmol/mL). Statistical analysis using a paired t test showed p=0.000 for all three doses compared with baseline levels. Dry fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl has an antioxidant effect; the antioxidant effect of the extract is not directly proportional to the dose. EFEK ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KERING PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDPertambahan usia menyebabkan peningkatan penyakit degeneratif. Antioksidan dalam tubuh tidak mampu menetralkan peningkatan konsentrasi radikal bebas. Daging buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl mengandung flavonoid mempunyai efek antioksidan. Saat ini masih sangat terbatas uji klinis Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Penelitian ini merupakan uji eksperimental sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada 30 sukarelawan sehat yang diinduksi dengan glukosa yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018–Februari 2019 di Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efek antioksidan ekstrak kering buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dalam beberapa kisaran dosis yang diberikan. Subjek penelitian berusia 30–55 tahun. Pengumpulan data meliputi pemeriksaan antropometri serta kadar malondialdehid sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak kering dosis 62,5 mg, 125 mg, dan 250 mg pada menit 150 setelah dilakukan induksi glukosa oral. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan dengan p<0,05. Penurunan kadar malondialdehid pada pemberian ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dosis 62,5 mg, 125 mg, dan 250 mg sebesar 40,9%, 22,9%, dan 18,3% dibanding dengan kadar malondialdehid sebelum pemberian (1.608 nmol/mL). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji t berpasangan didapatkan p=0,000 untuk ketiga dosis dibanding dengan kadar awal. Ekstrak kering buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl mempunyai efek antioksidan; efek antioksidan ekstrak tidak berbanding lurus dengan dosis.

Aging is a progressive process caused by a physiological decline in body functions. It is known that several factors can accelerate aging, namely age, lifestyle, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial damage. Various pollutants such as cigarette smoke, motor vehicle fumes, industrial waste, and exposure to sunlight / ultraviolet light will form free radicals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level is one of the indicators used to measure oxidative stress.  Increased MDA levels are found in various degenerative diseases. This study aims to determine plasma MDA levels in the age group of 40 years and over and factors that can affect plasma MDA levels. This study was a cross-sectional study by including 42 subjects. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to obtain subject demographic data and physical activity, as well as physical examinations complemented by laboratory examinations and MDA levels.  The mean age of the subjects was 52.7 years, and most of the 32 (76.2%) subjects were categorized as obese and had high activity. Pearson correlation test obtained body mass index statistically significantly correlated with plasma MDA levels with a value of p = 0.039, as well as physical activity statistically significantly correlated with a negative correlation, with a value of r = -0.26 and p = 0.043. Conclusion Body mass index and activity are significantly correlated with plasma MDA levels. Keywords: malondialdehyde, stress, oxidative, radicals