Learning Management System (LMS) is an application software that used to help in the online learning process. Moodle is one of the most popular LMS applications and is very appropriate for online learning study. Moodle has various features that are able to support student activities online. Some learning activities supported by moodle are (1) Videos; (2) Discussion forums; (3) Chat; (4) Materials; and (5) Quiz. This research is a quasi-experiment research that is research conducted to see the effect a treatment of the sample in this research is students. The aims of this research is to look at student learning activities that are learned in online using by LMS based Moodle applications.

No abstract

No abstract

Nd 3+ doped fluorophosphate glasses (PANCaFN) with chemical composition of (50-x) P 2 O 5-12Na 2 O-8Al 2 O 3-10CaO-10KF-10CaF 2-xNd 2 O 3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol%) have been successfully prepared by melt-quenching method and characterized by several techniques. The optical absorption measurements exhibited signature of Nd 3+ absorption bands in fluorophosphate glasses showed. The spectroscopic analysis have been carried out using Judd-Ofelt parameters and oscillator strength to determine radiative properties such as radiative transition probability (A R), branching ratio (β r), lifetime (τ), emission cross-section (σ e) and quantum efficiency (η). The highest emission intensity was found at 1060 nm for transition 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 13/2 under excitation wavelength of 582 nm for PANCaFN2. The emission cross section, branching ratio and lifetime were evaluated and showed 4.92 × 10 −20 cm 2, 0.7 and 200 μs, respectively. More importantly, the outstanding quantum efficiency of PANCaFN2 could reach to 98.92%. The addition of Nd 3+ ion into fluorophosphate glass could enhance the spectroscopic properties which could play as a potential candidate for solid state applications. Theoretical optical gain evaluation and experimental calculation confirmed that PANCaFN2 had the higher gain than other samples.