INTRODUCTION:Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses present a range of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions by virtue of their anatomic and histologic diversity. Although a presumptive diagnosis is arrived at based on presenting symptoms and imaging techniques, histopathology is the mainstay for definitive diagnosis and management of sinonasal lesions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence, mode of presentation and histologic types of sinonasal lesions in surgical pathology material. SETTING AND DESIGN: Retrospective retrieval of all sinonasal lesions and histopathologic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All sinonasal lesions, biopsied or excised over a period of three years between May 2010 and May 2013, were studied. The lesions were classified as non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Neoplasms were further categorised as benign and malignant. The histology was correlated with clinical features. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were done wherever indicated. RESULTS: In three years, sixty-one sinonasal lesions were reported, representing 0.47% of all surgical pathology specimens. Out of sixty-one cases, forty-one (67.21%) were non-neoplastic and twenty (32.79%) were neoplastic. Sinonasal lesions were common in the second and third decades of life, with male predominance. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, inflammatory polyps were the most common (80.49%). Among neoplasms, benign tumors (60%) were more frequent than malignant tumors (40%). Angiofibroma (6 cases-50%) was the commonest benign neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma (4 cases-50%) was the commonest malignant neoplasm. CONCLUSION: Non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the sinonasal region have similar clinical manifestations. Categorization based on histopathology is necessary for differential diagnosis, management and prognosis of these uncommon lesions. KEY WORDS: nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, non-neoplastic, neoplastic, histopathology INTRODUCTION:The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses form a functional unit of specialized tissues, each with its own aberrations. 1 They share many pathologic processes, most of which are inflammatory. 2 Exposure to various influences like chemical irritants, antigenic stimulants, and mechanical trauma results in deleterious consequences, including formation of tumors and tumorlike conditions. 3 Inflammatory polyps are a common cause of nasal obstruction, with a prevalence of 4% in the general population. 4 Benign tumors are relatively common, but malignant neoplasms are rare, accounting for 0.2-0.8% of all carcinomas and only 3% of those in the upper aero digestive tract. 5 Most of these lesions present as polypoid masses, making it difficult to distinguish nonneoplastic polyps from polypoid neoplasms clinically. 6 Histopathologic diagnosis is therefore mandatory for appropriate management and prognosis of sinonasal lesions. This study was undertaken to classify sinonasal lesions based on histopathology and to analyze their age and sex distribution.

Teratomas are the germ cell tumors composed of multiple cell types derived from one or more of the three germ layers.Teratomas range from benign well differentiated [mature] cystic lesions to those that are solid and malignant [immature].Additionally, teratomas may be monodermal and highly specialized. Rarely, within some mature teratomas, certain elements like squamous component undergo malignant transformation.Teratomas are known to occur at birth and are derived from pleuripotent germ cells and embryonic cells. Teratomas of embryonic origin are congenital and are seen in the midline of the body-skull, neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and coccyx.Teratomas derived from the germ cells are seen in testis in men and ovaries in women. AIMS: This prospective and retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency of the teratomas occurring in various sites along with their histomorphological presentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital between January 2010 to December 2012 in the Department of Pathology. Morphological and histopathological features of teratomas were studied. RESULTS: Teratomas were more common in females between 25-35yrs.Most of the teratomas were seen in ovaries followed by retroperitoneum and sacrococcygeal region.87% of teratomas diagnosed were of mature cystic teratoma with histologic grading 0 and remaining 13% showed malignant transformation. CONCLUSION: Mature teratomas are typically benign and found more frequently in women and there is risk of malignant transformation.

Background:Oral lesions can closely resemble one another and hence it is important for the clinicians to be able to recognize the various conditions and if possible obtain a biopsy for a confirmatory pathological diagnosis. Aim:To study the type of common benign lesions of the oral mucosa and to evaluate the concordance of clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Materials And Methods:A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in South Bangalore during the period of two years from June 2016 to May 2018. The study included 50 cases of benign lesions of the oral cavity. The following parameters were analyzed age and sex distribution of the lesion, site of the lesion, clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis. Data collected were analyzed. Results:Among the 50 cases, the age ranged from 6 to 70 years with a mean of 30.3 years. Most of the patients were females (68%) in their 3rd decade. The sites of involvement of various lesions were labial mucosa with lower lip more commoner than upper lip, followed by tongue, buccal mucosa and maxillary alveolus. The various clinical diagnosis of the lesions were mucus retention cyst, papilloma and pyogenic granuloma. Excision biopsy of these lesions confirmed most cases of mucus retention cyst, pyogenic granuloma and few cases of papilloma on histopathological examination. Rest of the cases were extravastion cyst, fibromyxoma, actinomycosis, lobular capillary hemangioma, hamartoma, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils and keratosis without atypia. Conclusion:Benign lesions of the oral cavity mimic each other. Histopathological typing of the lesions is mandatory to rule out malignancy and for a definitive and a confirmatory diagnosis.

Introduction: Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands in that it can be affected by a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from functional and immunologically mediated enlargements to neoplastic lesions. Thyroid neoplasms represent the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. Aims and objectives:To study the frequency of various thyroid lesions in thyroidectomy specimens and categorize neoplasms based on current World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Materials and methods:All thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, RajaRajeswari Medical College, Bengaluru, India, for histopathological examination over a period of 5 years, from July 2010 to June 2015, were included in the study.Results: A total of 211 thyroidectomies were examined in the study. The highest incidence of thyroid lesions was seen in the fourth decade (n = 68, 36%) and showed a female predominance (90%). Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 148 cases (70.1%) and neoplasms accounted for 63 cases (29.9%). The common non-neoplastic lesions were multinodular goiter (37.2%) followed by Hashimoto thyroiditis (35.8%), colloid goiter (16.9%), and adenomatous hyperplasia (5.3%). Benign neoplasms (22.2%) were lower with all cases being follicular adenoma, and malignancies were higher (77.8%) with papillary carcinoma (58.7%) as the most common malignancy in our study. Colloid goiter and multinodular goiter were the common features in peritumoral thyroid tissue, followed by Hashimoto thyroiditis. Conclusion:Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine diseases. Histopathological examination is the mainstay for definitive diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms. Appropriate categorization of neoplasms according to international guidelines is to be followed for diagnostic accuracy.