This study investigated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of fruit‐vegetable ferment (FVF) in chronic high fat‐fructose diet‐induced insulin resistance (IR) rats. Thirty rats were equally assigned into three groups, including control (CON), high fat‐fructose diet (HFD), and HFD plus FVF (HFD+FVF). Third group received FVF (178.5 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 8‐week. HFD‐induced elevated serum inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1£] (IL‐£]), IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐£\ (TNF‐£\) were significantly (P<0.01) controlled in FVF treated group. Furthermore, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (P<0.01) restored by FVF supplementation. Our data concludes that fermented fruit‐vegetable substance is capable to prevent the high fat‐fructose‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increasing antioxidant enzymes.

Previous studies demonstrated that oral consumption of micro‐organisms can protect the gut flora. The objective of this study was to investigate the Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus 35 whether has probiotics potential on gastro intestinal (GI) protective effect in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n=32) were divided into four groups, such as control (Con), low dose (LD), medium dose (MD) and high dose (HD). L. casei rhamnosus 35 was orally given for 8‐ week to the experimental rats. Changes in whole bodyweights and daily food intake were monitored throughout the study, and found no significant different among the groups. For the gut microflora analysis, viable cell counts of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, total anaerobic bacteria counts, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens were determined from the feces and cecum of rats. In the results we found that L. casei rhamnosus 35 treatment significantly enhanced the beneficial effects on gut microflora, but suppressed the bacterial pathogens in the feces and cecum. Findings from our study suggest that L. casei rhamnosus 35 is a potential source of probiotic in rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti‐hyperglycemic, antihyperinsulinemic and anti‐hyperlipidemic properties of processed food, fruit‐vegetable ferment (FVF) in insulin resistance (IR) rats. IR was induced by feeding the high fat‐fructose fed to rats. Total thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups, and severed as control, high fat‐fructose (HFD) and HFD plus FVF (HFD+FVF) groups. FVF was orally administered to HFD+FVF group at the dose of 178.5 mg/kg bodyweight for 8‐week. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at week‐6 and week‐8. Weekly monitored fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were progressively increased in HFD group, which confirmed the IR. However impaired glucose tolerance and elevated insulin levels were significantly (P<0.01) ameliorated by FVF along with attenuated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA values. Chronic HFD‐induced dyslipidemia, which was characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (P<0.01) attenuated in HFD+FVF group. Furthermore, decreased adiponectin and increased leptin concentrations with HFD were also reversed by FVF treatment. Our study suggests that fermented fruit‐vegetable treatment is beneficial to overcome from the high fat‐fructose‐induced insulin resistance, a pre‐diabetic state of diabetes.

Mix Vegetables and fruits fermented drinks (Fu Gui, FG‐enzyme) have long been used as food substance in Asia. FG‐enzyme is rich with vitamins, minerals, varieties of monosaccharides and antioxidants. This study investigated FG‐enzyme effect on immune modulation in OVA‐induced BALB/c mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups, including control, single dose and triple dose groups. The immune modulation effects of FG‐enzyme were determined by assaying the cytokine secretion, splenocytes subsets populations, natural killer cell (NK cell) activity and phagocytosis. Results showed that FG‐enzyme elevate the T cell proliferation with single and triple doses in the cultured splenocytes of OVA‐induced mice compared to control. Determined phagocytosis capacity in the blood, and NK cell activity in splenocytes were found to increase only with single dose. In addition, we found increased the cytokines such as interleukin‐2, (IL‐2) and IL‐4 concentrations with single and triple doses in both ConA and OVA‐induced mice, while IL‐5 was increased only in ConA mice. Nevertheless, IL‐10 and interferon‐£^ (IFN‐£^) concentrations were increased in both ConA and OVA‐mice with triple dose only. Results from our study conclude that FG‐enzyme is able to modulate the immune system in OVA‐induced mice with subsequent maintenance of inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis.