These results indicate that LOE is a potent anti-diabetic intervention that may have potential for future clinical applications.

Pracparatum mungo (Lu‐Do‐Huang) is a derivative of Phaseolus mungo beans of the Leguminosae plant as a traditional medicine for liver detoxifying and anti‐liver cancer effect in southern China. The present study aimed to evaluate Lu‐Do‐Huang ethanol extract (LDHE) on anti‐liver cancer effect with Hep3B cell. The apoptotic activities of LDHE were assessed using flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Our result showed that LDHE significantly inhibited the Hep3B cell growth. LDHE induced Hep3B cells to undergo apoptosis which was determined from Hep3B cell morphology change, increase of apoptotic bodies, apoptotic cells, DNA fragmentations and caspase activity. In conclusion, LDHE lead Hep3B cell to the apoptosis that can be used as precusors in development of anti‐liver cancer drugs. Suppression of apoptosis might contribute to tumor development by mean of accumulation of continuously proliferating cells.

This study investigated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of fruit‐vegetable ferment (FVF) in chronic high fat‐fructose diet‐induced insulin resistance (IR) rats. Thirty rats were equally assigned into three groups, including control (CON), high fat‐fructose diet (HFD), and HFD plus FVF (HFD+FVF). Third group received FVF (178.5 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 8‐week. HFD‐induced elevated serum inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1£] (IL‐£]), IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐£\ (TNF‐£\) were significantly (P<0.01) controlled in FVF treated group. Furthermore, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (P<0.01) restored by FVF supplementation. Our data concludes that fermented fruit‐vegetable substance is capable to prevent the high fat‐fructose‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increasing antioxidant enzymes.

This study was purposed to examine the immunomodulatory properties of Bio‐Rice (fermented rice) in OVA‐induced mice model. Total forty BALB/c mice were categorized into four groups, ten in each, and considered as control, and different doses of Bio‐Rice treated groups (1X, 2X and 4X). After 8‐week treatment, the concentrations of interferon‐£^ (IFN‐£^) was increased with 1X, 2X and 4X doses, interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) was increased with 2X and 4X, and IL‐10 was elevated only with 4X dose of Bio‐Rice in the cultured splenocytes of ConA stimulate type. Nevertheless, all the inflammatory cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐10, IL‐5 and IFN‐£^) were elevated withal 4X dose in OVA‐induced mice, IL‐2 and IL‐10 increased with 2X, and no change with 1X. Estimated phagocytosis capacity was increased with 4X dose, and elevated natural killer cell (NK‐cell) activity was found with both 2X and 4X doses. Splenocytes subtype population, such as total T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), N K1.1 and F4/80 cells have been found to significantly higher in 2X and 4X doses of Bio‐Rice. Evidences from this study clearly demonstrating that 8‐week treatment of Bio‐Rice can modulate the immune system in OVA‐induced mice model. Our findings conclude that a fermented food product, such as Bio‐Rice is beneficial to boost the immune system.

From the long time, polysaccharides and saponin have been used in the traditional medicine to treat several diseased conditions including inflammatory disease. In this study, we investigated the anti‐asthmatic effect of Bio‐Rice, a rich source of polysaccharides and saponin in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice model. Forty OVA‐induced asthmatic BALB/c mice were equally divided into four groups, including control, and different concentrations of Bio‐Rice treated groups (1X, 2X and 4X). Respective mice received Bio‐Rice for 8‐week. The anti‐asthmatic effect of Bio‐Rice was determined by observing eosinophil recruitment, airway hyper‐responsiveness, Th2 cytokine and IgE levels. The Bio‐Rice treatment effectively reduced the percentage of eosinophils in BALF when compared to the level in OVA‐induced mice. Bio‐Rice also suppressed AHR‐induced by aerosolized methacholine. Furthermore, Bio‐Rice treatment suppressed the serum IgE level and decreased Th2 cytokines in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes. These results suggest that Bio‐Rice may have therapeutic potential against asthma.