Background: Head and neck lesions include a spectrum of pathological lesions ranging from simple benign to highly malignant entities. These lesions contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the histological patterns of head and neck lesions, both non- neoplastic and neoplastic and to analyse the data in relation to age, gender, topography.Methods: A two year retrospective study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Pathology, ASCOMS and Hospital and histopathological data pertaining to all head and neck lesions was reviewed. Each case was analysed with respect to age, gender, site and histological type.Results: One hundred and forty-five cases from the head and neck region were analysed during this two-year period. Age range was from 3 months to 85 years with maximum cases in the age group of 21-50 years (51.03%). The Male: Female ratio was 1.37:1. In our study, 53.79% benign, 24.13% inflammatory and 22.06% malignant cases were recorded. Maximum number of benign lesions was in the age group of 21-50 years. Malignancies were noted to be higher in ages 51 years and above.  Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy observed.Conclusions: We conclude that site specific data like this is helpful in evaluating patterns of head and neck lesions and augment the base line data of institute and the region.

Background: Prostatic diseases like inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and tumors are important causes of mortality and morbidity in males. The incidence of these lesions increases with advancing age. The second most common cancer among males is prostate cancer, next to lung cancer worldwide. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is most frequently preformed surgical procedure in the clinical practice. The purpose of the study is to evaluate histomorphological spectrum of prostate lesions in TURP specimen with focus on premalignant lesions and incidental carcinomas.Methods: The present study includes 245 cases of TURP specimen from January 2015 to December 2016 received in the post graduate department of pathology, ASCOMS and Hospital. H and E stained sections were examined. The relevant clinical details pertaining to age, clinical complaints and microscopic details were analysed and compared with other similar studies.Results: Of the total 245 TURP specimen, 223 (91.02%) were of nodular hyperplasia, 14 (5.71%) were of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 8 (3.26%) cases were malignant. Benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) alone accounted for 91.02% of TURP specimen. Less frequent findings were granulomatous prostatitis in 3.70% and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (1.22%). All the 8 cases of prostate cancer were incidental carcinoma, 5 of which were poorly differentiated and 3 were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: The present study showed that non-neoplastic lesions of prostate are more common than neoplastic ones. The most frequently encountered prostatic lesion was BHP, commonly seen in the age group of 61-70 years. The malignant lesions were common among the males of more than 60 years. TURP can be helpful in early identification of premalignant lesions and incidental prostate cancer which can improve the treatment outcome of patients.

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