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Summary. This study was designed to determine whether immunohistochemical stains for tumour‐associated markers may be useful in the detection and differential diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. The expression of four markers detected by monoclonal antibodies, human milk fat globule 1 and 2 (HMFG‐1 and 2), Cal and anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen (anti‐CEA) on conventional histological sections of various cervical lesions has been investigated. None of these markers was specific for neoplastic lesions of the cervix and all four markers were expressed by metaplastic as well as neoplastic cells, and it was concluded that their application in the histopathological examination of the cervix is limited.

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pressure tester mark II, does not include any functional testing of compression hosiery. 14 We found only a few stockings to be effective. The criteria for satisfactory stockings are important for venous function-namely, they should show a significant linear trend with site ofmeasurement, no systematic difference between sizes, and no interaction between size and site. These criteria were applied only within the manufacturers' size specifications. Only five of the 15 types of stocking tested reached the fairly basic standards we had set. In the second part of the study all six stockings tested (with the exception of Softgrip) significantly improved venous refilling time in patients with both superficial and deep vein incompetence. Refilling time more nearly approached normal values, however, when the stocking met our criteria for being satisfactory, particularly in patients with deep vein incompetence.In practice, patients' acceptance of compression hosiery is better when the stockings are selected from those shown to have appropriate linear graduation. Functional testing should be an integral part of any future British Standards specification. This would lead to a more satisfactory prescribing policy in both hospitals and the community and to a greater benefit to patients. photometry, the fast interval processor image analysis system, and flow cytometry. The fast interval processor image analysis system showed a distinct advantage over the other methods, being faster and allowing the operator to see the celis that were selected for measurement. The three methods of measurement together showed that the DNA content of at least 2% of the celis measured exceeded 5C (C being the haploid amount of DNA in a normal cell and 2C representing the diploid complement of a normal cell) in all cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I and reactive atypia and in 87% of those reported as showing human papiliomavirus infection alone. In contrast, the DNA content of cervical biopsy specimens from the transformation zone of 11 normal controls did not exceed 4C.This study shows the value ofusing a DNA threshold-that is, the "5C exceeding rate"-to distinguish between normal and neoplastic appearances of the cervix. These results support the view that cervcal infection by human papillomavirus is a true

Continuous-motion imaging provides a method for the rapid quantitative analysis of slide-mounted cell preparations. Densitometric and morphometric cellular features can be measured and used to classify individual cells. Tests on the densitometric accuracy of the CERVIFIP CMI system show a c.v. of 6.5% for diploid mouse hepatocytes and a measuring rate of up to 500 cells/sec. CMI is particularly useful for problems requiring the interactive analysis of rare cell types and for the measurement of morphological and densitometric characteristics of cell populations. Typical applications include the prescreening of cervical cytology specimens and the detection of rare autoradiographically labeled lymphocytes.