The clinical, gross, histological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma expressing oestrogen receptors. CLINICAL RELAVANCE: A lipoleiomyoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for a benign tumour in the caudal reproductive tract of the bitch. Incisional and fine-needle aspiration biopsies of a lipoleiomyoma may resemble a lipoma. Excisional biopsy may be required for a definitive diagnosis. Lipoleiomyomas in the reproductive tract of the bitch may possess sex steroid receptors, and patients may benefit from ovariohysterectomy or hormonal therapies prior to excision.

There was a good agreement between pathogen identification from urine and lower urinary tract mucosal cultures. These results do not support the utilisation of transurethral cystoscopy to obtain biopsy samples for culture in dogs with urinary tract infection and positive urine culture. Individual cases with possible chronic urinary tract infection and negative urine culture may benefit from transurethral cystoscopy to obtain biopsies for culture.