The aim of the study is to determine the diagnostic utility of several islet autoantibodies and their combinations in order to identify individuals susceptible to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among healthy siblings in the pediatric population within the scope of the development of a screening program. Materials and Methods. A total of 424 children were evaluated, 260 children with new-onset T1DM and 164 healthy children with brothers and/or sisters with T1DM. Blood tests for a complex of autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), pancreatic β-cells (ICA), and glutamate decarboxylase (GADA) were conducted in all the subjects with the enzyme immunoassay method. Results. It was found that the diagnostic utility of individual autoantibodies is not equal and varies with age. The optimal age groups for the immunological control of the risks of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings were determined. The highest risks were noted with the combination of GADA, ZnT8A, and IA-2A. Conclusion. Islet autoantibodies may serve as prognostic markers of the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data on the features of dysglycemia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) confirmed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).AIM: to study the glycemic profile in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by continuous glucose monitoring and the role of steroid therapy in dysglycemiadevelopment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 21 patients with COVID-19 and DM 2 and 21 patients with DM 2 without COVID-19 (control group) using a professional 4–7-day CGM. We also compared two subgroups of patients with COVID-19 and DM 2: 1) patients received systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) during CGM and 2) patients in whomCGMwas performed after discontinuation of GCS.RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with COVID-19 and DM2 had lesser values of glycemic «time in range» (32.7 ± 20.40 vs 48.0 ± 15.60%, p = 0.026) andhigher parameters of mean glycemia (p <0.05) but similar proportion of patients with episodes of hypoglycemia (33.3% vs 38.1%, p = 0.75). Patients who received dexamethasone during CGM were characterized by higher hyperglycemia and the absence of episodes of hypoglycemia. In patients who hadCGM after dexamethasone discontinuation, hyperglycemia was less pronounced, but 60% of them had episodes of hypoglycemia, often nocturnal, clinically significant and not detected by routine methods.CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 and DM 2had severe and persistent hyperglycemia but a third of them hadalso episodes of hypoglycemia. During therapy with dexamethasone, they had the most pronounced hyperglycemia without episodes of hypoglycemia. In patients who underwent CGM after discontinuation of dexamethasone, hyperglycemia was less pronounced but 60% of them have episodes of hypoglycemia, often nocturnal, clinically significant and not diagnosed by routine methods. It would be advisable to recommend at least a 5–6-fold study of the blood glucose level (with its obligatory assessment at night) even for stable patients with COVID-19 and DM 2after the end of GCS treatment.

The review includes results of retrospective and prospective clinical studies (foreign and national) and guidelines on the use of transplantation technologies for treatment of type 1 diabetes and pancreatogenic diabetes in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic conditions. Modern data on prevalence of diabetes and modern insulin delivery methods are presented. Results of transplantation of pancreas and islets of Langerhans in primary insulin-dependent conditions are considered. Analysis of the technology for isolation and autotransplantation of islets after pancreatectomy in chronic pancreatitis and benign tumor diseases are given.

The present work was designed to study the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the clinical course of articular syndrome in patients with combined pathology. A total of 45 patients with diabetes mellitus and gonarthrosis were examined and 45 ones with gonarthrosis without concomitant type 2 diabetes. The patients of both groups were matched for age, sex, duration and stage of gonarthrosis, and body mass index. It was shown that concomitant diabetes mellitus promotes progression of articular syndrome. Decompensation of diabetic state leads to exacerbation of pain syndrome, marked functional changes and increased severity of the inflammatory processes in the joints.