The dc degradation behaviour of ZnO varistors as a function of the variables current, temperature, and time is investigated. The degradation rate is phenomenologically presented by an equation reflecting the observed aging behaviour in dependence on the influencing variables. Accordingly, the degradation rate consists additively of the fraction of degradation during current load and the fraction of recovery. The degradation rate during current load is proportional to current strength. The temperature dependence can be described by an Arrhenius factor (activation energy EA). The degradation rate of recovery is proportional to a nonlinear function of degradation degree. It is directed against degradation rate by current load and is also dependent on temperature (Arrhenius factor with activation energy EX). The varistor-dependent constants of the equation can relatively rapidly be determined a t higher currents (in the mA range) and temperatures (125 t o 165 "C). The applicability of the equation to other loading cases is discussed.
Das Gleichstromalterungsverhalten vonZnO-Varifitoren wird in Abhangigkeit von den Belastungs-groBen Strom, Temperatur und Zeit untersucht. Fur die Schadigungsrate wird phanomenologisch eine Gleichung abgeleitet, die das beobachtete Alterungsverhalten in Abhangigkeit von den EinfluBgroBen widerspiegelt. Danach setzt sich die Schadigungsrate additiv aus dem Anteil der Schadigung bei Strombelastung und dem Anteil der Erholung zusammen. Die Schadigungsrate bei Strombelastung ist proportional dem Strom. Die Temperaturabhangigkeit kaun durch einen Arrheniusfaktor ( Aktivierungsenergie EA) beschrieben werden. Die Schadigungsrate der Erholung ist proportional einer iiberlinearen Funktion des Schadigungsgrades. Sie ist der Schadigungsrate durch Strombelastung entgegengerichtet und ebenfalls temperaturabhangig (Arrheniusfaktor mit Aktivierungsenergie ER). Die varistorabhangigen Konstanten der Gleichung lassen sich relativ schnell bei hoheren Stromen (im mA-Bereich) und Temperaturen (125 bis 165 "C) ermitteln. Die Anwendung der Gleichung auf weitere Belastungsfalle wird diskutiert.
Starting from the results of a previous paper on the functional relationship of the degradation of ZnO‐varistors and the influence factors (especially U, I,T) an equation system is derived to describe the time‐dependence of the degradation. The solutions including the contribution of degradation‐, recovery‐ and increasing effects of currents and temperature are given and discussed by special cases concerning the extent of the self‐heating and the electric operation conditions in certain approximations. Their validity is confirmed by characteristic experiments on the varistor performance.
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