Butteroil samples bleached with benzoyl peroxide (BP) and 17 commercial cheeses were screened for oxidized sterols by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Ungrated cheeses made from bleached milk and freshly bleached butteroil contained no detectable oxidized sterols. Oxidized sterols were detected in stored, bleached butteroils and in grated cheeses. Four major oxidation products were the isomeric 5,6‐epoxycholesterols and the epimeric 7‐hydroxycholesterols identified by TLC, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Additional sterol oxides (tentatively identified and not quantified) present in these samples included low levels of 7‐ketocholesterol and cholesta‐3,5‐dien‐7‐one. The epimeric 7‐hydroxycholesterols were detected in bleached butteroils stored in air (BP‐A) and nitrogen (BP‐N) for 22 days at 15 C. Butteroil, after 90 days of storage at 15 C, had 30 (BP‐N) and 60 (BP‐A) µg total oxides/g of bleached oil and, after 1‐year at −20 C, had 70 (BP‐N) and 180 (BP‐A) µg/g butteroil. A grated, unbleached cheese packaged in clear glass contained the most oxidized sterols (44 µg/g). Sterol oxides were not detected in bleached cream using a simulated industrial process.

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Iron, copper and zinc but not magnesium were bound by neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber obtained from cooked pinto beans. Iron binding increased with higher pH, higher iron concentration, higher fiber concentration and smaller fiber particle size. Maximum binding of iron was at pH 6.5 and minimal binding at pH 4.0 for both NDF and ADF. A 50% decrease in particle size increased iron binding by 8%. Binding of copper and zinc increased with higher copper and zinc concentrations. Both NDF and ADF had a greater affinity for copper than for either iron or zinc. Scatchard plots indicated the presence of two types of binding sites for zinc, one type for iron, and one type for copper.

The triploids recovered from 4x × 2x crosses in three Solanum species were very vigorous and although few seeds/fruit were obtained when the triploids were crossed to diploids, the extensive crossing programme produced sufficient seed of four species cph, chc, pnt and tar. The average seed set for the 3x-2x crosses was an extremely low 3.5 seeds/fruit.Approximately 90~ of the progeny of the 3x 2x crosses were aneuploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 25-29. The frequency of the aneuptoids in the three species that were studied was chc 93%, pnt 94°(, and tar 92~o. The aneuploids of chc and tar were extremely vigorous and fertile and they were used as females in crosses to the marker stocks. The aneuploids ofpnt were vigorous, but the crossability barrier of pnt prevented their use in crosses to the marker stocks. A number of the aneuploids produced seed upon being selfed, but the ability to produce self seed may be related to the pseudo-compatibility of the parental clones. In only 7 aneuploids was there an indication that the self fertility was due to overcoming the selfincompatibility barrier as a result of competition-interaction of the aneuploid gamete.Plants in the families from the triploid-diploid crosses had a tremendous amount of variation in morphological characteristics (leaf shape, size and color; berry shape, color and degree or verrucose spotting; and plant habit and vigor). A large portion of variation exhibited in these families was due to the normal genetic segregation of the heterozygous parents. It was impossible to distinguish the aneuploids from their diploid sibs especially those having only one or two additional chromosomes because they were as vigorous and fertile as the diploids.There were some preliminary indications of the existence of distinct morphological characteristics among the aneuploids (separate petals, long berries, and extreme verrucose berries). However, there was no indication that these traits were due to the dosage effect of the extra chromosome. If it should be determined that this was true, it would be extremely useful in associating genes with chromosomes and determining the phenotypic effects due to the presence of an additional chromosome.Euphytica 24 (1975) ANEUPLOIDS IN SOLANUM markers with chromosomes. The intraspecific aneuploids can be effectively used to this end because of their excellent vigor and fertility.