Intracellular pH (pHi) has been measured in human or cat ventricular muscle during 60, 120 and 180 minutes of cardiac arrest by Bretschneider's cardioplegic solution HTK or St. Thomas solution with and without procaine. In 319 control measurements in modified Tyrode's solution pHi (mean, S.D.) was 7.38 +/- 0.02 (n = 128) during the first hour, 7.36 +/- 0.03 (n = 112) during the second hour and 7.35 +/- 0.03 (n = 79) in the third hour. The pHi in right ventricular muscle of the cat and left ventricular human muscle did not differ significantly during the time of measurements (Bretschneider HTK). The values (human/cat) in the first hour were 6.85 +/- 0.03 for both groups, 6.72 +/- 0.04/6.68 +/- 0.04 during the second hour and 6.70 +/- 0.03/6.67 +/- 0.05 in the third hour of measurement. The values for the St. Thomas solution with/without procaine were 6.83 +/- 0.02/6.74 +/- 0.03 in the first hour, 6.79 +/- 0.02/6.82 +/- 0.04 during the second hour and 6.68 +/- 0.03/6.82 +/- 0.02 in the third hour. An important difference to all other solutions was the observation made under the St. Thomas solution with procaine, that after recovery to normal values pHi decreased between the 2.-5. minute to values of 6.39-6.48 when the preparations were superfused with Tyrode's solution again. No recovery within 1 hour was observed. This fall in pHi was accompanied by a contracture.
Zusammenfassung 1. Das akute Nierenversagen nach 1456 Operationen mit der Herz-Lungen-Maschine wurde im Hinblick auf Häufigkeit und Verlauf untersucht. Es trat in 43 Fällen (3 % der Gesamtzahl) auf. Andere Autoren geben eine Häufigkeit zwischen 1,8 und 5,6 % an. 2. Die Dauer der Oligurie betrug durchschnittlich 4 Tage. Zwei Patienten hatten ein NV, das mit einer Polyurie einherging. Die maximalen Harnstoffwerte i. S. schwankten zwischen 86 und 450 mg%.3. Von 43 Patienten wurden 31 dialysiert, von diesen 31 starben 24 (= 77%). Von den Nichtdialysierten starben 9 (= 75%). Die Letalität betrug insgesamt 76 %. Diese Zahl entspricht den Angaben anderer Autoren.4. Nur in 7 Fällen war das akute NV die primäre Todesursache. 20 Patienten starben infolge einer postoperativen Herz-und Kreislaufinsuffizienz, 1 Pat. infolge Leberversagens; weitere Todesursachen waren Aortennahtruptur, Staphylokokkensepsis, Exazerbation rheumatischer Endokarditis bzw. Myokarditis. 5. Ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem postoperativen NV und einem oder mehreren der folgenden Faktoren wurde diskutiert: a) präoperativ: Nierenschädigung infolge der mangelhaften kardialen Förderleistung; b) intraoperativ: Perfusionszeit, Perfusionsvolumen, arterieller Druck während der Perfusion, Hämolyse, pH-Wert, Hypothermie; c) postoperativ: durch den Eingriff bedingte Herz-und Kreislaufinsuffizienz.6. Ein Vergleich dieser Faktoren bei den 43 Pa-The causes of acute renal failure after operations with the heart-lung machine.
Out of 494 patients operated upon using Bretschneider cardioplegia, 8 complicated surgical procedures (3 cases of single or double valve replacement combined with coronary bypass grafting, 2 cases of double valve replacement, 2 cases of multiple coronary bypass procedures and one case of aortic valve replacement with replacement of the ascending aorta) required a mean aortic cross-clamp time of 164 minutes. Four patients had a single infusion, and 4 other patients 2 or more infusions, of cold cardioplegic solution. With the aid of topical cooling, the myocardial temperature was reduced to a mean value of 12.8 degrees C. Postoperatively the heart in all patients resumed a good contractile activity. None sustained myocardial infarction during the perioperative or postoperative period. One patient died on the 19 postoperative day because of subdural hemorrhage not related to the cardioplegic procedure. All other patients have survived from 10 to 63 months (mean 23 months).
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